Fig. 1.

Running training protects against cardiac dysfunction after MI. A The schedule of running training after MI. B Running increased ejection fractions (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) post-MI (n = 10:12:17:12). C Running increased endurance capacity post-MI (n = 10:12:17:12). D, E Running decreased cardiac ANP and BNP mRNA expression post-MI (n = 6:6:6:6). F Running decreased cardiac fibrosis post-MI (n = 10:12:12:11). G Running decreased cardiac cross sectional area post-MI by H&E (n = 7:8:8:8). H Running decreased cardiac cross sectional area post-MI by WGA (n = 9:9:9:9). I Running decreased cardiac Bax/Bcl₂, cleaved Caspase3/Caspase3 and Collagen1 post-MI (n = 6:6:6:6). Scale bar: 50 μm in F and 25 μm in G and H. Data were represented as mean ± SD. Significant differences were assessed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001