Table 3.
COVID-19-related outcomes of patients with cancer receiving ICIs or other anticancer therapy before testing positive for COVID-19
|
|
ICI Use,
N
= 25,
n
(%) |
No ICI Use,
N
= 25,
n
(%) |
p-
Value |
| Admission status for COVID-19 | 0.10 | ||
| Managed inpatient | 19 (76) | 24 (96) | |
| Managed outpatient | 6 (24) | 1 (4) | |
| ICU admission | 0.02 | ||
| Yes | 5 (20) | 10 (40) | |
| No | 14 (56) | 14 (56) | |
| Not hospitalized | 6 (24) | 1 (4) | |
| COVID-19 test type | 0.99 | ||
| Polymerase chain reaction | 24 (96) | 25 (100) | |
| Serology | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Presenting symptoms | |||
| Respiratorya | 18 (72) | 20 (80) | |
| Gastrointestinalb | 15 (60) | 9 (36) | |
| Fatigue/malaise | 13 (52) | 9 (36) | |
| Fever | 11 (44) | 20 (80) | |
| Chills | 5 (20) | 3 (12) | |
| Neurologicalc | 3 (12) | 3 (12) | |
| Anosmia | 2 (8) | 2 (8) | |
| Ageusia | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | |
| Asymptomatic | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | |
| Final clinical status | 0.15 | ||
| Fully recovered | 12 (48) | 15 (60) | |
| Recovered with complications | 6 (24) | 1 (4) | |
| Death | 7 (28) | 9 (36) | |
| Cause of death related to COVID-19 | |||
| Respiratory failure | 4 (57.1) | 5 (55.6) | |
| Multi-organ failure | 3 (42.9) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Sepsis | 0 | 1 (11.1) | |
| Baseline or chronic oxygen requirement | 0.02 | ||
| Yes | 6 (24) | 0 | |
| No | 19 (76) | 25 (100) | |
| Radiologic testing for COVID-19 | |||
| CXR | 17 (68) | 25 (100) | |
| CT | 12 (48) | 10 (40) | |
| Supplemental oxygen interventions for COVID-19 | 0.04 | ||
| Nasal cannula with standard O2 | 13 (52) | 18 (72) | |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Non-rebreather | 5 (20) | 1 (4) | |
| CPAP | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Intubation | 2 (8) | 9 (36) | |
| BIPAP | 0 | 1 (4) | |
| Multi-organ complications related to COVID-19 | |||
| Multi-organ failure | 3 (12) | 2 (8) | |
| Sepsis | 5 (20) | 6 (24) | |
| None | 14 (60) | 18 (72) | |
| Pulmonary complications related to COVID-19 | |||
| Respiratory failure | 2 (8) | 9 (36) | |
| Pleural effusion | 9 (36) | 1 (4) | |
| Pneumonia | 6 (24) | 9 (36) | |
| None | 6 (24) | 10 (40) | |
| ARDS | 3 (12) | 10 (40) | |
| Pneumonitis | 2 (8) | 0 | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2 (8) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Cardiac complications related to COVID-19 | |||
| Hypotension | 6 (24) | 4 (16) | |
| Cardiac ischemia | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (16) | 5 (20) | |
| CHF exacerbation | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Sinus bradycardia | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Right ventricular conduction delay | 1 (4) | 1 (4) | |
| Cardiomyopathy | 0 | 1 (4) | |
| None | 13 (52) | 16 (64) | |
| Treatments for COVID-19 and related complications | 0.04 | ||
| Supportive care | 15 (60) | 8 (32) | |
| Antibiotics | 13 (52) | 21 (84) | |
| Chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine | 4 (16) | 7 (28) | |
| Remdesivir | 3 (12) | 10 (40) | |
| Vasopressors | 2 (8) | 0 | |
| Tocilizumab | 2 (8) | 0 | |
| Glucocorticoids | 2 (8) | 0 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2 (8) | 9 (36) | |
| Anticoagulants | 2 (8) | 0 | |
| Beta blockers/calcium channel blockers | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Platelets | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Antivirals | 1 (4) | 2 (8) | |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; BIPAP: Bilevel airway positive pressure; CHF: congestive heart failure; COVID-19: coronavirus; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; CT: computed tomography scan; CXR: chest radiograph; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; ICU: intensive care unit
For cases, respiratory symptoms include shortness of breath (12, 48%), dry cough (7, 28%), sore throat (3, 12%), cough with sputum (3, 12%), and nasal congestion (1, 4%). For cases, respiratory symptoms include dry cough (14, 56%), shortness of breath (8, 32%), cough with sputum (2, 8%), sore throat (1, 4%), hemoptysis (1, 4%), and nasal congestion (1, 4%)
For cases, gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea (6, 24%), vomiting (5, 20%), diarrhea (4, 16%), and abdominal pain (3, 12%). For controls, gastrointestinal symptoms include diarrhea (8, 32%), nausea and vomiting (4, 16%), and abdominal pain (2, 8%)
For cases, neurological symptoms include altered mental status (1, 4%) and headache (2, 8%). For controls, neurological symptoms include headache (2, 8%) and altered mental status (1, 4%)