Table 4.
Clinical factors associated with EAC (n = 306,682)
| Factor | EAC (n = 195) | No EAC (n = 306,687) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 35 (0.02) | 157,226 (99.98) | 1 | 1 | |
| Male | 160 (0.11) | 149,461 (98.89) | 4.81 (3.34–6.93) | 3.46 (2.36–5.07) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≤70 | 115 (0.06) | 191,559 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Age >70 | 80 (0.07) | 115,128 (99.93) | 1.16 (0.87–1.54) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 0.336 |
| Non-smoking | 77 (0.04) | 206,995 (99.96) | 1 | 1 | |
| Smoking | 118 (0.12) | 99,692 (98.78) | 3.18 (2.39–4.24) | 1.91 (1.41–2.59) | <0.0001 |
| No PPI | 166 (0.06) | 279,408 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| PPI | 29 (0.11) | 27,279 (99.89) | 1.79 (1.21–2.66) | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 0.072 |
| No NSAIDs | 118 (0.06) | 199,750 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| NSAIDs | 77 (0.07) | 106,937 (99.94) | 1.22 (0.92–1.62) | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) | 0.554 |
| No aspirin | 185 (0.07) | 280,979 (99.93) | 1 | 1 | |
| Aspirin | 10 (0.04) | 25,708 (99.96) | 0.59 (0.31–1.12) | 0.33 (0.17–0.62) | 0.0006 |
| No COX2I | 184 (0.06) | 289,950 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| COX2I | 11 (0.07) | 16,737 (99.93) | 1.04 (0.56–1.90) | 0.82 (0.44–1.53) | 0.536 |
| No steroid | 178 (0.06) | 279,624 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Steroid | 17 (0.06) | 27,063 (99.94) | 0.99 (0.60–1.62) | 0.54 (0.32–0.91) | 0.022 |
| No statin | 167 (0.06) | 272,652 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Statin | 28 (0.08) | 34,035 (99.92) | 1.34 (0.90–2.01) | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 0.716 |
| No strong statin | 170 (0.06) | 277,718 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Strong statin | 25 (0.09) | 28,969 (99.91) | 1.41 (0.93–2.15) | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) | 0.705 |
| No fibrate | 192 (0.06) | 304,191 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Fibrate | 3 (0.12) | 2,496 (98.88) | 1.91 (0.61–5.96) | 1.21 (0.39–3.79) | 0.747 |
| No other lipid-lowering agent | 190 (0.06) | 302,740 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Other lipid-lowering agents | 5 (0.13) | 3,947 (99.87) | 2.02 (0.83–4.91) | 1.31 (0.54–3.21) | 0.548 |
| No metformin | 186 (0.06) | 298,839 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Metformin | 9 (0.11) | 7,848 (99.89) | 1.84 (0.94–3.60) | 1.10 (0.56–2.16) | 0.779 |
| Non-Af | 193 (0.06) | 304,030 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Af | 2 (0.08) | 2,657 (98.92) | 1.19 (0.29–4.78) | 0.66 (0.16–2.68) | 0.560 |
| Non-AIDS | 195 (0.06) | 306,574 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| AIDS | 0 (0) | 113 (100) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-AT | 194 (0.06) | 305,244 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| AT | 1 (0.07) | 1,443 (98.93) | 1.10 (0.15–7.79) | 0.58 (0.081–4.18) | 0.592 |
| Non-CD | 194 (0.06) | 305,825 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| CD | 1 (0.12) | 862 (99.88) | 1.83 (0.26–13.06) | 0.82 (0.11–5.88) | 0.841 |
| Non-CVD | 189 (0.06) | 293,966 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| CVD | 6 (0.05) | 12,721 (99.95) | 0.73 (0.33–1.66) | 0.39 (0.17–0.89) | 0.025 |
| Non-CHF | 188 (0.07) | 286,948 (99.93) | 1 | 1 | |
| CHF | 7 (0.04) | 19,739 (99.96) | 0.54 (0.26–1.15) | 0.27 (0.12–0.57) | 0.0007 |
| Non-CKD <stage 5 | 188 (0.06) | 299,092 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| CKD <stage 5 | 7 (0.09) | 7,595 (99.91) | 1.47 (0.69–3.12) | 0.82 (0.38–1.76) | 0.606 |
| Non-CKD stage 5 | 194 (0.06) | 305,817 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| CKD stage 5 | 1 (0.11) | 870 (99.89) | 1.81 (0.25–12.94) | 0.60 (0.083–4.32) | 0.610 |
| Non-dementia | 195 (0.06) | 299,977 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Dementia | 0 (0.00) | 6,710 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-DM (COMP–) | 156 (0.06) | 272,124 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| DM (COMP–) | 39 (0.11) | 34,563 (99.89) | 1.97 (1.39–2.80) | 1.48 (0.61–3.60) | 0.392 |
| Non-DM (COMP+) | 191 (0.06) | 297,891 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| DM (COMP+) | 4 (0.05) | 8,796 (99.95) | 0.71 (0.26–1.91) | 0.29 (0.11–0.78) | 0.015 |
| Non-DVT | 193 (0.06) | 304,149 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| DVT | 2 (0.08) | 2,538 (99.92) | 1.24 (0.31–5.00) | 0.86 (0.21–3.51) | 0.837 |
| Non-GERD | 145 (0.05) | 282,868 (99.95) | 1 | 1 | |
| GERD | 50 (0.21) | 23,819 (99.79) | 4.10 (2.97–5.65) | 2.67 (1.89–3.77) | <0.0001 |
| Non-hemiplegia | 195 (0.06) | 305,979 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Hemiplegia | 0 (0.00) | 708 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-HTN | 155 (0.06) | 249,226 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| HTN | 40 (0.07) | 57,461 (99.93) | 1.12 (0.79–1.59) | 0.59 (0.40–0.85) | 0.005 |
| Non-HL | 180 (0.07) | 289,950 (99.93) | 1 | 1 | |
| HL | 15 (0.05) | 30,666 (99.95) | 0.75 (0.44–1.27) | 0.42 (0.25–0.72) | 0.002 |
| Non-IHD | 195 (0.06) | 302,875 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| IHD | 0 (0.00) | 3,812 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-mild LD | 183 (0.06) | 296,360 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Mild LD | 12 (0.12) | 10,327 (99.88) | 1.88 (1.05–3.38) | 0.91 (0.50–1.67) | 0.765 |
| Non-severe LD | 195 (0.06) | 305,432 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Severe LD | 0 (0.00) | 1,255 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-malignancy (metastasis–) | 140 (0.05) | 286,900 (99.95) | 1 | 1 | |
| Malignancy (metastasis–) | 55 (0.28) | 19,787 (97.72) | 5.70 (4.17–7.78) | 3.73 (2.44–5.70) | <0.0001 |
| Non-malignancy (metastasis+) | 177 (0.06) | 297,056 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| Malignancy (metastasis+) | 18 (0.19) | 9,631 (99.81) | 3.14 (1.93–5.10) | 0.55 (0.25–1.20) | 0.134 |
| Non-PVD | 193 (0.06) | 301,388 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| PVD | 2 (0.04) | 5,299 (99.96) | 0.59 (0.15–2.37) | 0.26 (0.063–1.04) | 0.057 |
| Non-PD | 184 (0.06) | 292,240 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| PD | 11 (0.08) | 14,447 (99.92) | 1.21 (0.66–2.22) | 0.68 (0.36–1.26) | 0.218 |
| Non-RD | 193 (0.06) | 305,207 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| RD | 2 (0.13) | 1,480 (99.87) | 2.14 (0.53–8.62) | 1.84 (0.45–7.46) | 0.396 |
| Non-TIA | 195 (0.06) | 306,402 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| TIA | 0 (0.00) | 285 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-PUD | 121 (0.04) | 282,541 (99.96) | 1 | 1 | |
| PUD | 74 (0.31) | 24,146 (99.69) | 7.16 (5.36–9.56) | 4.92 (3.59–6.73) | <0.0001 |
| Non-UAG | 176 (0.06) | 292,426 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| UAG | 19 (0.13) | 14,261 (99.87) | 2.21 (1.38–3.56) | 1.18 (0.72–1.93) | 0.508 |
| Non-VD | 189 (0.06) | 302,919 (99.94) | 1 | 1 | |
| VD | 6 (0.16) | 3,768 (99.84) | 2.55 (1.13–5.76) | 1.95 (0.86–4.43) | 0.111 |
EAC, oesophageal adenocarcinoma; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; COX2I, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; Af, atrial fibrillation; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; AT, arterial thrombosis; CD, carotid disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CHF, chronic heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; COMP, complications; DVT, deep-vein thrombosis; GERD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; HTN, hypertension; HL, hyperlipidaemia; LD, liver disorder; PE, pulmonary embolism; PVD, peripheral vascular diseases; PD, pulmonary disease; RD, rheumatic diseases; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; UAG, unstable angina diseases; VD, valvular diseases. †OR adjusted for age >70 years, sex, smoking, GERD, and Charlson comorbidity index (except for the variable analysed).