Table 5.
Clinical factors associated with EAC in smoking patients (n = 99,810)
| Factor | EAC (n = 118) | No EAC (n = 99,692) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 7 (0.03) | 27,331 (99.97) | 1 | 1 | |
| Male | 111 (0.15) | 72,361 (99.85) | 5.99 (2.79–12.85) | 5.61 (2.61–12.08) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≤70 | 80 (0.13) | 60,042 (99.87) | 1 | 1 | |
| Age >70 | 38 (0.10) | 39,650 (99.90) | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) | 0.55 (0.37–0.81) | 0.0026 |
| No PPI | 97 (0.11) | 89,424 (99.89) | 1 | 1 | |
| PPI | 21 (0.20) | 10,268 (99.80) | 1.89 (1.18–3.02) | 0.82 (0.48–1.41) | 0.477 |
| No NSAIDs | 75 (0.12) | 63,900 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| NSAIDs | 43 (0.12) | 35,792 (99.88) | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) | 0.74 (0.50–1.09) | 0.129 |
| No aspirin | 112 (0.13) | 89,488 (99.87) | 1 | 1 | |
| Aspirin | 6 (0.06) | 10,204 (99.94) | 0.47 (0.21–1.07) | 0.30 (0.13–0.70) | 0.0049 |
| No COX2I | 111 (0.12) | 94,787 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| COX2I | 7 (0.14) | 4,905 (99.86) | 1.22 (0.57–2.62) | 0.90 (0.41–1.96) | 0.789 |
| No steroid | 107 (0.12) | 90,781 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Steroid | 11 (0.12) | 8,911 (99.88) | 1.05 (0.56–1.95) | 0.57 (0.29–1.09) | 0.091 |
| No statin | 100 (0.11) | 87,144 (99.89) | 1 | 1 | |
| Statin | 18 (0.14) | 12,548 (99.86) | 1.25 (0.76–2.07) | 0.92 (0.55–1.53) | 0.749 |
| No strong statin | 102 (0.12) | 88,546 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Strong statin | 16 (0.14) | 11,146 (99.86) | 1.25 (0.74–2.11) | 0.90 (0.53–1.53) | 0.691 |
| No fibrate | 118 (0.12) | 98,567 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Fibrate | 0 (0.00) | 1,125 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| No other lipid-lowering agent | 115 (0.12) | 98,157 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Other lipid-lowering agents | 3 (0.20) | 1,535 (99.80) | 1.67 (0.53–5.26) | 1.15 (0.36–3.64) | 0.810 |
| No metformin | 114 (0.12) | 96,325 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Metformin | 4 (0.12) | 3,367 (99.88) | 1.00 (0.37–2.72) | 0.68 (0.25–1.86) | 0.454 |
| Non-Af | 116 (0.12) | 98,528 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Af | 2 (0.17) | 1,164 (99.93) | 1.46 (0.36–5.91) | 1.06 (0.26–4.31) | 0.941 |
| Non-AIDS | 118 (0.12) | 99,632 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| AIDS | 0 (0.00) | 60 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-AT | 117 (0.12) | 99,084 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| AT | 1 (0.16) | 608 (99.84) | 1.40 (0.20–9.99) | 0.93 (0.13–6.73) | 0.944 |
| Non-CD | 118 (0.12) | 99,233 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| CD | 0 (0.00) | 459 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-CVD | 116 (0.12) | 94,480 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| CVD | 2 (0.04) | 5,212 (99.96) | 0.31 (0.077–1.27) | 0.21 (0.052–0.86) | 0.030 |
| Non-CHF | 114 (0.12) | 91,829 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| CHF | 4 (0.05) | 7,863 (99.95) | 0.41 (0.13–1.11) | 0.24 (0.088–0.66) | 0.0057 |
| Non-CKD <stage 5 | 113 (0.12) | 96,584 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| CKD <stage 5 | 5 (0.16) | 3,108 (99.84) | 1.38 (0.56–3.37) | 0.95 (0.38–2.35) | 0.912 |
| Non-CKD stage 5 | 117 (0.12) | 99,310 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| CKD stage 5 | 1 (0.26) | 382 (99.74) | 2.23 (0.31–15.95) | 0.93 (0.13–6.84) | 0.946 |
| Non-dementia | 118 (0.12) | 97,916 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Dementia | 0 (0.00) | 1,776 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-DM (COMP–) | 93 (0.11) | 84,328 (99.89) | 1 | 1 | |
| DM (COMP–) | 25 (0.16) | 15,364 (99.84) | 1.48 (0.95–2.30) | 0.91 (0.57–1.45) | 0.677 |
| Non-DM (COMP+) | 116 (0.12) | 96,053 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| DM (COMP+) | 2 (0.05) | 3,639 (99.05) | 0.46 (0.11–1.84) | 0.23 (0.055–0.93) | 0.039 |
| Non-DVT | 116 (0.12) | 98,801 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| DVT | 2 (0.22) | 891 (99.78) | 1.91 (0.47–7.75) | 1.46 (0.36–5.98) | 0.599 |
| Non-GERD | 84 (0.09) | 89,832 (99.91) | 1 | 1 | |
| GERD | 34 (0.34) | 9,860 (99.66) | 3.69 (2.38–5.50) | 2.76 (1.81–4.23) | <0.0001 |
| Non-hemiplegia | 118 (0.12) | 99,443 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Hemiplegia | 0 (0.00) | 249 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-HTN | 100 (0.13) | 75,984 (99.87) | 1 | 1 | |
| HTN | 18 (0.08) | 23,708 (99.92) | 0.58 (0.35–0.95) | 0.35 (0.21–0.59) | <0.0001 |
| Non-HL | 109 (0.13) | 86,478 (99.87) | 1 | 1 | |
| HL | 9 (0.07) | 13,214 (99.03) | 0.54 (0.27–1.07) | 0.36 (0.18–0.71) | 0.0035 |
| Non-IHD | 118 (0.12) | 97,678 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| IHD | 0 (0.00) | 2,014 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-mild LD | 109 (0.11) | 95,357 (99.89) | 1 | 1 | |
| Mild LD | 9 (0.21) | 4,335 (99.79) | 1.82 (0.92–3.59) | 1.05 (0.52–2.11) | 0.8975 |
| Non-severe LD | 118 (0.12) | 99,128 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Severe LD | 0 (0.00) | 564 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-malignancy (metastasis–) | 83 (0.09) | 91,314 (99.91) | 1 | 1 | |
| Malignancy (metastasis–) | 35 (0.42) | 8,378 (99.58) | 4.60 (3.09–6.83) | 3.91 (2.30–6.64) | <0.0001 |
| Non-malignancy (metastasis+) | 105 (0.11) | 95,448 (99.89) | 1 | 1 | |
| Malignancy (metastasis+) | 13 (0.31) | 4,244 (99.79) | 2.79 (1.56–4.96) | 0.76 (0.28–2.01) | 0.573 |
| Non-PVD | 117 (0.12) | 96,969 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| PVD | 1 (0.04) | 2,723 (99.96) | 0.30 (0.043–2.18) | 0.19 (0.026–1.34) | 0.095 |
| Non-PD | 109 (0.12) | 93,924 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| PD | 9 (0.16) | 5,768 (99.84) | 1.34 (0.68–2.66) | 0.90 (0.45–1.83) | 0.774 |
| Non-RD | 118 (0.12) | 99,283 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| RD | 0 (0.00) | 409 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-TIA | 118 (0.12) | 99,562 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| TIA | 0 (0.00) | 130 (100.00) | NA | NA | – |
| Non-PUD | 76 (0.09) | 88,923 (99.91) | 1 | 1 | |
| PUD | 42 (0.39) | 10,769 (99.61) | 4.56 (3.13–6.66) | 3.54 (2.37–5.28) | <0.0001 |
| Non-UAG | 108 (0.12) | 93,075 (99.88) | 1 | 1 | |
| UAG | 10 (0.15) | 6,617 (99.85) | 1.30 (0.68–2.49) | 0.90 (0.46–1.74) | 0.752 |
| Non-VD | 113 (0.11) | 98,383 (99.89) | 1 | 1 | |
| VD | 5 (0.38) | 1,309 (99.62) | 3.33 (1.36–8.16) | 2.86 (1.16–7.07) | 0.023 |
EAC, oesophageal adenocarcinoma; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; COX2I, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; Af, atrial fibrillation; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; AT, arterial thrombosis; CD, carotid disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CHF, chronic heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; COMP, complications; DVT, deep-vein thrombosis; GERD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; HTN, hypertension; HL, hyperlipidaemia; LD, liver disorder; PE, pulmonary embolism; PVD, peripheral vascular diseases; PD, pulmonary disease; RD, rheumatic diseases; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; UAG, unstable angina diseases; VD, valvular diseases. † OR adjusted for age >70 years, sex, GERD, and Charlson comorbidity index (except for the variable analysed).