Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and biomarkers of all patients (n = 271) and of the subgroup with follow-up at year 1 (n = 178)
| Parameter | All patients | n | Patients with 1 year follow-up | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 182 (67) | 127 (71) | ||
| Age, years | 64 (±7.6) | 64 (±7.1) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26 (23–29) | 26 (23–28) | ||
| Current smokers, n (%) | 66 (24) | 44 (25) | ||
| Pack years of smoking | 40 (30–60) | 270 | 40 (30–60) | 177 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 131 (±17) | 269 | 133 (±18) | 176 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80 (±11) | 269 | 81 (±10) | 176 |
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 79 (±14) | 267 | 78 (±13) | 175 |
| Oxygen saturation breathing room air, % | 95 (93–96) | 259 | 95 (93–96) | 163 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 46 (35–60) | 47 (37–59) | ||
| FEV1% predicted, % | 44 (31–65) | 46 (33–65) | ||
| CAT-score | 16 (±7) | 267 | 15 (±7) | 177 |
| SF-6D V1 | 0.69 (0.61–0.80) | 263 | 0.71 (0.62–0.81) | 175 |
| SF-6D V2 | 0.68 (0.59–0.80) | 263 | 0.71 (0.60–0.81) | 175 |
| GOLD stage | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | ||
| 1, n (%) | 24 (9) | 16 (9) | ||
| 2, n (%) | 88 (32) | 64 (36) | ||
| 3, n (%) | 100 (37) | 68 (38) | ||
| 4, n (%) | 59 (22) | 30 (17) | ||
| MMRC score | 2 (1–3) | 270 | 1 (1–2) | |
| Patients experiencing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 AECOPD events per year, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 131 (48) | 110 (61) | ||
| 1 | 74 (27) | 44 (25) | ||
| 2 | 36 (13) | 18 (10) | ||
| 3 | 16 (6) | 4 (2) | ||
| 4 | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | ||
| 5 or more | 8 (3) | 1 (1) | ||
| Patients and number of COPD medication, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 40 (15) | 26 (15) | ||
| 1 | 25 (9) | 19 (10) | ||
| 2 | 43 (16) | 31 (17) | ||
| 3 | 99 (37) | 67 (38) | ||
| 4 | 42 (15) | 24 (13) | ||
| 5 | 14 (5) | 7 (4) | ||
| 6 | 6 (2) | 3 (2) | ||
| 7 | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
| Patients and type of maintenance inhaled therapy, n (%) | ||||
| LAMA | 19 (7) | 14 (8) | ||
| LABA | 8 (3) | 4 (2) | ||
| LAMA + LABA | 17 (6) | 13 (7) | ||
| LAMA + ICS | 6 (2) | 5 (3) | ||
| LABA + ICS | 38 (14) | 24 (13) | ||
| LAMA + LABA + ICS | 140 (52) | 89 (50) | ||
| As required inhaled medication | ||||
| SABA | 72 (27) | 37 (21) | ||
| SAMA | 30 (11) | 18 (10) | ||
| Add-on therapies | ||||
| Oral steroids | 11 (4) | 5 (3) | ||
| Theophyllin | 10 (4) | 6 (3) | ||
| Roflumilast | 4 (1) | 3 (2) | ||
| NTproBNP, ng/L | 84 (39–149) | 149 | 77 (40–150) | 78 |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) | 160 | 2.0 (1.0–3.7) | 86 |
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 7.7 (6.3–9.1) | 269 | 7.6 (6.2–8.9) | 176 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 263 (±72) | 269 | 262 (±72) | 176 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 81 (±26) | 161 | 82 (±29) | 86 |
| Bilirubin, μmol/L | 7 (5–10) | 146 | 7 (5–10) | 79 |
| MBL, μg/mL | 1.4 (0.4–2.8) | 270 | 1.5 (0.4–2.8) | 177 |
| <0.1, n (%) | 40 (15) | 26 (15) | ||
| <0.5, n (%) | 82 (30) | 52 (29) | ||
| IgA, g/L | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | 269 | 2.3 (1.7–3.2) | 176 |
| IgM, g/L | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 269 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 176 |
| IgE, IU/mL | 49 (21–130) | 246 | 51 (21–142) | 162 |
| IgG, g/L | 9.2 (±2.7) | 270 | 9.3 (±2.3) | 177 |
| IgG1, g/L | 6.0 (±2) | 269 | 6.1 (±1.6) | 176 |
| lgG2, g/L | 2.6 (1.8–3.5) | 269 | 2.7 (1.9–3.6) | 176 |
| lgG3, g/L | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 269 | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 176 |
| lgG4, g/L | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 269 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 176 |
| rs8099917 | 181 | 110 | ||
| Patients with TT genotype, n (%) | 79 (44) | 53 (48) | ||
| Patients with TG genotype, n (%) | 98 (54) | 56 (51) | ||
| Patients with GG genotype, n (%) | 4 (2) | 1 (1) |
Values are expressed as mean (± standard deviation) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. If data were not available from all patients, n gives the number for whom data were available. MBL, mannose-binding lectin; CRP, C-reactive protein; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonists; SABA, short-acting beta agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA, long-acting beta agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.