Neural stem cell and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ). (A–D) Representative brain images of control (Ctrl), ethanol (EtOH), cocaine (Coc), and combination (Combo) treated mice, respectively, immunostained with stem cell marker (GFP, green), neuronal marker (DCX, red), and merged with nuclear marker DAPI (Bregma 0.5 through 1.08). (E–H) Quantification of GFP+, DCX+, DCX+GFP+, and the percentage of DCX+GFP+ over total GFP+ cells in the SVZ and origin of the rostral migratory stream (area inside red square). Values are shown as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05 compared to control, #p < 0.05 compared to other sex in the same group, $p < 0.05 compared to cocaine group, +p < 0.05 compared to combination group, n = 3 mice per sex per group. Scale bars, 45 μm.