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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 31.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Mar 10;90(2):282–296. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.03.001

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

GDNF secretion in the rat hippocampus one week after traumatic brain injury with or without human neural stem cell (hNSCs) grafting. Microdialysis samples were collected for 6 h from both intact (empty bars) and injured/grafted (solid bars) hippocampi in each rat 7 days after injury. Samples were concentrated and assayed by ELISA. TBI, fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury; TBI+Vel, vehicle injection into the TBI site of rat brain; TBI+hNSC, hNSC graft into the TBI site. Note hNSC grafting resulted in significant increases in GDNF secretion in TBI hippocampi when compared with controls (TBI alone and TBI plus vehicle injection). Values (N=4 for TBI, and 3 for other groups) are means±s.e.m. *** p<0.001 and * p<0.05; one-way ANOVA with the Tukey–Kramer post-hoc test (From Gao et al., 2006).