TABLE 2.
Sleep Characteristics of VA ADHC Participants With and Without Insomnia
| With Insomnia (N = 26) Mean (SD) | Without Insomnia (N = 42) Mean (SD) | p Value | Difference & (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 79.84 (9.72) | 78.45 (9.71) | .567 | 1.39 (−3.44, 6.23) |
| Months of participation | 40.25 (42.34) | 27.24 (32.07) | .159 | 13.00 (−5.20, 31.21) |
| Days of participation per week | 2.11 (.52) | 2.67 (0.93) | 0.007 | −.55 (−.95, −.15) |
| Sleep characteristics | ||||
| Bedtime | 22:13 (1:31) | 21:52 (1:20) | 0.307 | 00:21.5 (−00:20.5, 01:04.2) |
| Minutes to fall asleep | 43.2 (38.7) | 23.0 (37.7) | 0.0375 | 20.2 (1.2, 39.2) |
| Rise time | 6:54 (1:41) | 6:40 (1:25) | 0.535 | 00:14.3 (−00:31.5, 01:00.2) |
| Hours of sleep per night | 5.75 (1.82) | 7.05 (2.30) | .0168 | −.13 (−2.4, −.2) |
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Trouble falling asleep | 19 (73.1%) | 6 (14.3%) | < 0.001 | 58.8% (38.7%, 24.9%) |
| Trouble staying asleep | 24 (73.1%) | 9 (21.4%) | < 0.001 | 70.9% (54.8%, 87.0%) |
| Waking up too early | 20 (76.9%) | 10 (23.8%) | < 0.001 | 53.1% (32.4%, 73.8%) |
| Trouble waking up in the morning | 7 (15.0%) | 3 (7.14%) | 0.377 | 7.8% (−9.6%, 25.3%) |
| Consequences of poor sleep | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Feel tired or fatigued during the day? | 18 (69.2%) | 8 (19.1%) | < 0.001 | 50.2% (28.8%, 71.5%) |
| Have trouble paying attention, concentrating, or remembering things? | 13 (50.0%) | 5 (11.9%) | 0.001 | 38.1% (16.5%, 60.0%) |
| Have difficulty with social life? | 6 (23.1%) | 3 (7.14%) | 0.076 | 15.9% (−2.0%, 33.9%) |
| Feel irritable, depressed, or anxious? | 13 (50.0%) | 5 (11.9%) | 0.001 | 38.1% (16.5%, 59.7%) |
| Feel sleepy during the day? | 24 (92.3%) | 20 (47.6%) | < 0.001 | 44.7% (26.4%, 62.9%) |
| Have less motivation during the day? | 14 (53.9%) | 7 (16.7%) | 0.002 | 37.2% (15.0%, 59.4%) |
| Make mistakes? | 7 (26.9%) | 2 (4.76%) | 0.022 | 22.2% (4.0%, 40.4%) |
| Feel achy, have headaches, or have stomach problems? | 6 (23.1%) | 1 (2.38%) | 0.011 | 20.7% (3.8%, 37.5%) |
| Worry about your sleep? | 10 (38.5%) | 4 (9.52%) | 0.006 | 28.9% (8.2%, 49.6%) |
| Take a nap or doze off during the daytime? | 18 (69.2%) | 25 (59.5%) | 0.451 | 9.7% (−13.4%, 32.8%) |
| Other sleep items | ||||
| How would you describe your sleep during the past seven days? | ||||
| a. Very bad | 1 (3.85%) | 2 (4.76%) | < 0.001 | N/A |
| b. Fairly bad | 9 (34.6%) | 1 (2.38%) | ||
| c. Fairly good | 13 (50.0%) | 14 (33.3%) | ||
| d. Very good | 3 (11.5%) | 25 (59.5%) | ||
| How long have you had problems with your sleep? | ||||
| a. More than 12 months | 24 (92.3%) | 7 (16.7%) | < 0.001 | N/A |
| b. 3 months to 12 months | 2 (7.79%) | 1 (2.38%) | ||
| c. Less than 3 months | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.14%) | ||
| d. I don’t have sleep problems | 0 (0.0%) | 31 (73.8%) | ||
| Talked to a doctor about sleep problems? (N = 60) | 10 (52.6%) | 7 (17.1%) | 0.012 | 35.6% (10.3%, 60.8%) |