Table 1. PI5P4Ks in cancer.

Summary of the multiple cancer types in which PI5P4Ks have been implicated. Alongside with each cancer type is the information about the associated isoform and a brief description of the evidence, function, and putative mechanism in cancer.

Cancer Type	Implicated Isoform	Evidence / Potential Mechanism
Breast	PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kβ	High expression of both PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kβ in tumor samples and co-occurrence with p53 mutations [15, 39]. Dual-kinase inhibition in cell lines results in decreased survival and impairs tumor growth in xenograft model [15]. Impaired ROS homeostasis and mitochondrial functioning [15, 37].
AML	PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kγ	High expression of both PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kγ isoforms correlates with high-risk patient groups [43]. Knockdown of PI5P4Kα in AML cell lines decreases survival and protects from leukemia in xenograft studies [47]. mTOR dependent accumulation of CDKN1 and apoptosis [47].
ALL	PI5P4Kα	SNPs in the Pip4k2a locus have been associated with genetic predisposition to ALL [48, 50].
Sarcoma	PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kβ	High expression of PI5P4Kα correlates with high grade sarcoma [37]. Dual-kinase inhibition decreases cell growth and survival in vitro, impairs tumor initiation and maintenance in vivo [37]. Altered mitochondria function due to impaired peroxisomal beta oxidation [37].
Glioblastoma	PI5P4Kα	Low PI5P4Kα expression in tumor sections compared to matched normal sections in TMA study [53]. Impaired cell proliferation and tumor growth with overexpression of PI5P4Kα [53]. Negative regulation of PI3K signaling in PTEN deficiency background [53].