Table 2.
Baseline patients’ characteristics and outcomes in the intervention hospital before and after implementation
| Before implementation (n = 475) | After implementation (n = 364) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (s.d.) | 69 (10.0) | 70 (9.4) | 0.20 |
| Male sex | 270 (57) | 196 (54) | 0.40 |
| ASA score | 0.004 | ||
| I | 126 (27) | 82 (23) | |
| II | 302 (64) | 219 (60) | |
| III | 40 (8) | 57 (16) | |
| Missing | 7 (1.5) | 6 (1.6) | |
| Polypharmacy (5 or more drugs/day) | 131 (28) | 72 (20) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.40 | ||
| Non-smoker | 193 (41) | 150 (41) | |
| Former smoker | 201 (42) | 140 (38) | |
| Current smoker | 71 (15) | 65 (18) | |
| Missing | 10 (2) | 9 (2) | |
| Stage of disease | 0.06 | ||
| Not malignant or complete remission by neoadjuvant therapy | 20 (4) | 14 (4) | |
| 1 | 111 (23) | 100 (27) | |
| 2 | 151 (32) | 130 (36) | |
| 3 | 175 (37) | 100 (27) | |
| 4 | 18 (4) | 20 (5) | |
| Surgical approach | 0.03 | ||
| Primary open | 13 (3) | 7 (2) | |
| Minimally invasive surgery | 434 (91) | 348 (96) | |
| Converted minimally invasive surgery | 28 (6) | 9 (2) | |
| Type of operation | 0.01 | ||
| Right-sided hemicolectomy* | 173 (36) | 159 (44) | |
| Left-sided hemicolectomy/ sigmoid resection | 152 (32) | 124 (34) | |
| Rectal resection | 140 (29) | 79 (22) | |
| Total colectomy | 10 (2) | 2 (0.5) | |
| Length of stay (days) median (i.q.r.) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (2–5) | 0.03 |
| Unplanned stay at ICU | 34 (7) | 16 (4) | 0.11 |
| 30-day mortality | 4 (0.84) | 2 (0.55) | 0.70 |
| Complication with Clavien–Dindo score 3a or above | 104 (22) | 29 (8) | <0.001 |
| No. (%) readmission | 69 (15) | 35 (10) | 0.04 |
| 30-days alive and out of hospital median (i.q.r.) | 26 (23–27) | 26 (24–27) | 0.001 |
*
Right-sided hemicolectomy includes extended right-side colectomies and transverse resections. Values are n (%) unless stated otherwise.