Table 3.

Association between before and after implementation of the intervention. Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses and the difference-in-difference analysis, both adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, ASA score, stage of disease, surgical procedure, and surgical approach

	After versus before implementation		Before versus after implementation and intervention versus control absolute risk reduction (95% c.i.)
	Intervention hospital (n = 839) Odds ratio (95% c.i.)	Control hospital (n = 752) Odds ratio (95% c.i.)
Complicated course	0.54 (0.38 to 0.77)	1.05 (0.75 to 1.47)	10.9% (2.1 to 19.7), P = 0.02
Complication Clavien–Dindo score 3a or above	0.30 (0.19 to 0.48)	0.92 (0.60 to 1.40)	11.6% (3.3 to 19.8), P = 0.006
Duration of hospital stay 10 days or more	0.61 (0.38 to 1.00)	1.53 (0.99 to 2.37)	7.5% (−2.2 to 17.2), P = 0.13
Unplanned stay at ICU	0.60 (0.31 to 1.15)	1.17 (0.57 to 2.42)	2.2% (−6.9 to 11.4), P = 0.63
Readmission within 30 days	0.65 (0.41 to 1.02)	0.81 (0.53 to 1.25)	2.3% (−4.3 to 8.9), P = 0.50
30-day mortality	0.59 (0.10 to 3.58)	0.59 (0.12 to 2.89)	0.5% (−11.7 to 12.8), P = 0.93