Table 2. Mean scores, tests of time × condition interactions, and comparisons between time points and conditions.
| LifeBuoy-C | LifeBuoy | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 (M, SD) | T1 (M, SD) | T2 (M, SD) | Changes between time pointsa | T0 (M, SD) | T1 (M, SD) | T2 (M, SD) | Changes between time pointsa | Difference between arms at T1a | Difference between arms at T2a | Time × condition interactions | |
| SIDAS | 22.37 (8.49) | 19.25 (9.07) | 17.95 (9.25) | ΔT0 to T1 p = 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.047 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
22.85 (7.86) | 14.95 (10.4) | 14.61 (11.23) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.319 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 | p = 0.007 | T0 to T1: B = −4.91, 95% CI [−7.58, −2.24], t(458.07) = −3.62, p < 0.001 T1 to T2: B = 0.91, 95% CI [−1.53, 3.35], t(222.30) = 0.74, p = 0.461 T0 to T2: B = −4.00, 95% CI [−6.92, −1.07], t(531.32) = −2.68, p = 0.008 |
| PHQ-9 | 17.24 (5.65) | 14.18 (6.40) | 13.99 (6.19) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.608 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
17.07 (5.64) | 12.98 (6.44) | 14.13 (6.08) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.021 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
p = 0.100 | p = 0.739 | T0 to T1: B = −0.94, 95% CI [−2.16, 0.29], t(477.64) = −1.50, p = 0.135 T1 to T2: B = 1.34, 95% CI [0.05, 2.63], t(259.23) = 2.04, p = 0.043 T0 to T2: B = 0.40, 95% CI [−0.97, 1.78], t(567.24) = 0.58, p = 0.565 |
| GAD-7 | 12.00 (5.17) | 10.49 (5.39) | 10.68 (5.37) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.386 ΔT0 to T2 p = 0.002 |
12.57 (4.96) | 9.79 (4.90) | 10.11 (5.24) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.327 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
p = 0.507 | p = 0.629 | T0 to T1: B = −0.92, 95% CI [−1.91, 0.07], t(519.26) = −1.82, p = 0.069 T1 to T2: B = 0.07, 95% CI [−1.04, 1.19], t(276.96) = 0.13, p = 0.896 T0 to T2: B = −0.85, 95% CI [−1.95, 0.26], t(583.20) = −1.51, p = 0.133 |
| DQ5 | 17.93 (3.54) | 15.99 (4.23) | 16.05 (3.79) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.832 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
17.82 (3.30) | 15.89 (3.94) | 15.98 (3.88) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.663 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
p = 0.940 | p = 0.929 | T0 to T1: B = 0.10, 95% CI [−0.71, 0.90], t(489.12) = 0.23, p = 0.815 T1 to T2: B = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.77, 0.92], t(457.87) = 0.17, p = 0.864 T0 to T2: B = 0.17, 95% CI [−0.70, 1.04], t(529.44) = 0.38, p = 0.702 |
| SWEMWBS | 17.20 (2.30) | 18.33 (2.82) | 18.45 (3.07) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.593 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
17.09 (2.75) | 18.47 (3.13) | 18.23 (2.98) | ΔT0 to T1 p < 0.001 ΔT1 to T2 p = 0.190 ΔT0 to T2 p < 0.001 |
p = 0.664 | p = 0.382 | T0 to T1: B = 0.27, 95% CI [−0.35, 0.88], t(466.49) = 0.85, p = 0.395 T1 to T2: B = −0.45, 95% CI [−1.12, 0.22], t(276.79) = −1.33, p = 0.186 T0 to T2: B = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.85, 0.48], t(520.68) = −0.55, p = 0.584 |
aTests for a specific treatment arm or at a specific time point were conducted by recoding relevant variables representing time and condition within models.
DQ5, Distress Questionnaire-5; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; M, mean; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; SD, standard deviation; SIDAS, Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale; SWEMWBS, Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale; T0, baseline; T1, postintervention; T2, 3-month postintervention.