Table 2.
Unadjusted Disability Prevalence and Annual Percent Change (APC) Over 2002–2016 in the United States and England by Age Group
| Ages 55–64 | Ages 65–74 | Ages 75 and older | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRS (N = 48,372) | ELSA (N = 25,238) | HRS (N = 43,651) | ELSA (N = 22,674) | HRS (N = 48,372) | ELSA (N=25,238) | ||||
| Year | % of disability (95% CI) | % of disability (95% CI) | HRS vs ELSA p Value |
% of disability (95% CI) | % of disability (95% CI) | HRS vs ELSA p Value |
% of disability (95% CI) | % of disability (95% CI) | HRS vs ELSA p Value |
| 2002 | 15.8 (14.3, 17.3) | 18.2 (17.0, 19.4) | .01 | 19.1 (17.6, 20.6) | 24.4 (23.0, 25.7) | <.001 | 39.7 (37.7, 41.7) | 42.6 (40.7, 44.5) | .04 |
| 2004 | 16.4 (15.1, 17.8) | 18.0 (16.7, 19.4) | .10 | 19.5 (18.1, 20.9) | 24.4 (22.7, 26.1) | <.001 | 38.6 (36.8, 40.5) | 43.8 (41.4, 46.1) | <.001 |
| 2006 | 17.5 (16.0, 19.1) | 17.7 (16.3, 19.2) | .86 | 20.1 (18.7, 21.5) | 23.2 (21.4, 25.0) | .01 | 41.2 (39.2, 43.3) | 41.7 (39.4, 44.1) | .76 |
| 2008 | 15.9 (14.5, 17.3) | 15.7 (14.4, 16.9) | .82 | 19.5 (17.9, 21.1) | 22.8 (21.2, 24.5) | .004 | 39.5 (37.9, 41.1) | 43.9 (41.5, 46.3) | .003 |
| 2010 | 18.1 (16.6, 19.6) | 14.9 (13.7, 16.2) | .002 | 19.7 (18.0, 21.3) | 21.4 (19.8, 23.0) | .13 | 40.2 (38.5, 41.9) | 43.1 (40.9, 45.4) | .04 |
| 2012 | 16.3 (14.7, 17.9) | 15.1 (13.7, 16.5) | .28 | 19.6 (18.1, 21.0) | 20.8 (19.2, 22.4) | .26 | 37.3 (35.8, 38.9) | 39.8 (37.6, 42.0) | .07 |
| 2014 | 17.1 (15.5, 18.7) | 14.6 (13.0, 16.2) | .04 | 19.7 (18.1, 21.3) | 19.0 (17.4, 20.5) | .50 | 37.9 (36.1, 39.7) | 37.8 (35.6, 40.0) | .96 |
| 2016 | 16.3 (14.8, 17.9) | 13.4 (11.4, 15.3) | .02 | 18.0 (16.4, 19.7) | 19.3 (17.6, 20.9) | .30 | 36.6 (34.8, 38.4) | 37.7 (35.4, 39.9) | .46 |
| APC from 2002–2016 (95% CI) | 0.12 (−0.83, 1.07) | −2.24 (−2.98, −1.5) | <.001 | −0.31 (−1.03, 0.40) | −1.93 (−2.47, −1.38) | <.001 | −0.59 (−1.09, −0.08) | −0.96 (−1.37, −0.55) | .25 |
Notes: ADL = activity of daily living; CI = confidence interval; ELSA = English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; HRS = Health and Retirement Study; IADL = instrumental activity of daily living. The analysis sample includes community-dwelling adults. Disability was defined as having at least one IADL/ADL limitation. p Values were based on t test of whether the percentages of disability in a given year and the estimates of annual percentage changes are equal between HRS and ELSA.