Table 2.
Biomarker Outcomes, England and the United States, Ages 50+, Prevalence/Mean (95% Confidence Interval)
| England | United States | |
|---|---|---|
| Unweighted sample Na | 2,203 | 4,596 |
| Diabetes, HbA1c ≥6.5 | ||
| Prevalence, self-report | 10.2 (8.7–11.6) | 21.3 (19.8–22.7) |
| Prevalence, clinical report | 8.8 (7.4–10.3) | 13.1 (11.9–14.3) |
| Prevalence, clinical report corrected for medications | 10.3 (8.8–11.8) | 18.8 (17.4–20.3) |
| Hypertension, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic ≥90 mmHg, or taking medication, % | ||
| Prevalence, self-report | 35.3 (32.9–37.7) | 55.9 (54–57.8) |
| Prevalence, clinical report | 28.3 (26.1–30.5) | 26.9 (25.2–28.6) |
| Prevalence, clinical report adjusted for medications | 36.3 (34–38.7) | 40 (38.1–41.8) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | ||
| Low risk, ≤1, % | 37.1 (34.7–39.4) | 27.5 (25.7–29.2) |
| Moderate risk, 1–3, % | 37.6 (35.8–39.5) | 38 (36.2–39.9) |
| High risk, ≥3, % | 25.3 (23.3–27.4) | 34.5 (32.7–36.3) |
| Mean | 3.1 (2.7–3.4) | 3.6 (3.4–3.7) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | ||
| Low, 40, % | 11.2 (9.9–12.4) | 15.5 (14.2–16.8) |
| Normal, 40–60, % | 38.2 (36.3–40.2) | 43.2 (41.3–45.1) |
| High, 60, % | 50.6 (48.2–53) | 41.3 (39.3–43.2) |
| Adjusted for medications: Low, 40, % | 12.8 (11.4–14.2) | 19.3 (17.8–20.7) |
| Adjusted for medications: Normal, 40–60, % | 38.5 (36.6–40.5) | 43.9 (42–45.8) |
| Adjusted for medications: High, 60, % | 48.7 (46.2–51.2) | 36.8 (35–38.7) |
| Mean | 62.3 (61.3–63.2) | 58.3 (57.6–59) |
| Mean adjusted for medications | 61.1 (60.2–62) | 56.2 (55.6–56.9) |
| BMI | ||
| Normal weight | 28 (25.9–30.1) | 19.2 (17.7–20.8) |
| Overweight | 38.9 (36.9–40.9) | 36.1 (34.3–37.9) |
| Class I obesity | 20.9 (19.3–22.5) | 26.3 (24.5–28) |
| Class II obesity | 8.5 (7.4–9.5) | 12.6 (11.3–13.8) |
| Class III obesity | 3.7 (3–4.3) | 5.8 (4.9–6.7) |
| Mean | 28.4 (28.1–28.7) | 30 (29.8–30.2) |
| Grip strength (kg), mean | 30.5 (30.2–30.9) | 30.2 (29.9–30.5) |
| Walking speed (m/s)b, mean | 3.3 (3.2–3.4) | 3.7 (3.7–3.8) |
Notes: BMI = body mass index; Class I obesity: BMI 30–35; Class II obesity: BMI 35–39; Class III obesity: BMI ≥40; HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL= high-density lipoprotein.
aSee Supplementary Figure A1 for the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) flow chart for sample selection.
bUnweighted sample size (aged 65+) N = 1,441 in England, N = 2,345 in the United States.