Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for MN and OH Family Satisfaction Measures and Facility Characteristics.
| Minnesota (N = 378) |
Ohio (N = 926) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
||
| Dependent variables (mean scores) | Range = 1–5 | Range = 1–4 | p value | ||
|
| |||||
| Perception of staff attitudes/respect | 4.229 | 0.245 | 3.755 | 0.130 | |
| Food choices | 3.668 | 0.290 | 3.200 | 0.288 | |
| Activities are interesting | 3.834 | 0.292 | 3.145 | 0.242 | |
| Facility cleanliness | 4.086 | 0.353 | 3.604 | 0.243 | |
| Autonomy | 4.089 | 0.235 | 3.419 | 0.235 | |
| Would recommend facility | 4.159 | 0.401 | 3.522 | 0.325 | |
| Mean of 6 comparable questions | 4.011 | 0.260 | 3.441 | 0.201 | |
| Staffing direct care hours per resident-day | |||||
| Registered nurse | 0.520 | 0.434 | 0.431 | 0.362 | .000 |
| Licensed practical nurse | 0.747 | 0.278 | 0.888 | 0.304 | .000 |
| Certified nursing assistant | 2.203 | 0.593 | 2.274 | 0.645 | .066 |
| Physical, occupational, or speech therapist | 0.358 | 0.395 | 0.448 | 0.336 | .000 |
| Recreational therapy or activities | 0.252 | 0.112 | 0.210 | 0.107 | .000 |
| Dietitian, food service, and housekeeping | 1.355 | 0.454 | 1.280 | 0.544 | .019 |
| Payer- and case-mix | |||||
| Medicare patient days | 0.107 | 0.113 | 0.131 | 0.108 | .000 |
| Medicaid patient days | 0.542 | 0.180 | 0.622 | 0.186 | .000 |
| Private pay patient days | 0.351 | 0.148 | 0.248 | 0.133 | .000 |
| Acuity index | 9.070 | 1.368 | 9.685 | 1.248 | .000 |
| Dementia prevalence | 0.468 | 0.152 | 0.470 | 0.172 | .840 |
| Major psychiatric condition prevalence | 0.290 | 0.175 | 0.340 | 0.187 | .000 |
| Depression prevalence | 0.534 | 0.193 | 0.592 | 0.203 | .000 |
| Facility and market characteristics | |||||
| Total beds | 80.315 | 47.153 | 97.297 | 45.268 | .000 |
| Occupancy ratio | 0.890 | 0.090 | 0.850 | 0.110 | .000 |
| Dementia special care unit | 0.254 | 0.436 | 0.188 | 0.391 | .008 |
| Chain affiliation | 0.537 | 0.499 | 0.640 | 0.480 | .001 |
| Hospital affiliation | 0.122 | 0.327 | 0.016 | 0.126 | .000 |
| Continuing Care Retirement Community affiliation | 0.074 | 0.262 | 0.140 | 0.348 | .001 |
| Ownership | |||||
| Non-profit | 0.616 | 0.486 | 0.190 | 0.392 | |
| For-profit | 0.296 | 0.457 | 0.790 | 0.407 | |
| Government | 0.087 | 0.282 | 0.019 | 0.138 | .000 |
| Market concentration | |||||
| Highly competitive | 0.222 | 0.416 | 0.496 | 0.500 | |
| Competitive | 0.119 | 0.324 | 0.409 | 0.492 | |
| Moderate concentration | 0.220 | 0.414 | 0.079 | 0.269 | |
| High concentration or monopoly | 0.439 | 0.496 | 0.016 | 0.126 | .000 |
| Geographic location | |||||
| Metropolitan | 0.431 | 0.495 | 0.717 | 0.450 | |
| Micropolitan | 0.159 | 0.365 | 0.184 | 0.387 | |
| Rural | 0.143 | 0.350 | 0.073 | 0.261 | |
| Isolated | 0.267 | 0.442 | 0.026 | 0.159 | .000 |
| Family member characteristics (%) | |||||
| Children | 0.549 | 0.142 | 0.507 | 0.192 | .000 |
| Spouses | 0.155 | 0.082 | 0.134 | 0.099 | .000 |
| All other relatives | 0.287 | 0.156 | 0.360 | 0.195 | .000 |
| Female | 0.656 | 0.099 | 0.690 | 0.111 | .000 |
| Visit at least weekly | 0.683 | 0.151 | 0.753 | 0.165 | .000 |
| Visit at least monthly | 0.226 | 0.123 | 0.186 | 0.130 | .000 |
| Visit less than monthly | 0.083 | 0.077 | 0.061 | 0.083 | .000 |