Table 2.
Cohort characteristics grouped by surgical site infection (SSI), and bivariate and multivariate analyses.
| Parameters | Total* (n = 1285) |
SSI (n = 119) |
Non-SSI (n = 1,166) |
p value (OR; 95% CI) |
RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic: | |||||
| Female | 370 (28.8) | 40 (10.8) | 330 (89.2) | 0.24 (1.28; 0.86 to 1.92) | 1.25** |
| Males | 915 (71.2) | 79 (8.6) | 836 (91.4) | ||
| Females: case group | 74 (5.8) | 11 (14.9) | 63 (85.1) | 0.21 (1.61; 0.76 to 3.39) | 1.52** |
| Females: control group | 296 (23) | 29 (9.8) | 267 (90.2) | ||
| Age ≥ 60 years | 170 (13.2) | 82 (48.2) | 88 (51.8) | < 0.0001 (27.15; 17.4 to 42.36) | 14.54** |
| Age < 60 years | 1,115 (86.8) | 37 (3.3) | 1,078 (96.7) | ||
| Age ≥ 60 years: case group | 34 (2.6) | 23 (67.6) | 11 (32.4) | 0.013 (2.73; 1.23 to 6.04) | 1.56** |
| Age ≥ 60 years: control group | 136 (10.6) | 59 (43.4) | 77 (56.6) | ||
| Clinical: | |||||
| Sharp/penetrating trauma | 240 (18.7) | 22 (9.2) | 218 (90.8) | 1.0(0.99; 0.61 to 1.6) | 0.99 |
| Blunt trauma | 1045 (81.3) | 97 (9.3) | 948 (90.7) | ||
| Blunt trauma: case group | 209 (16.3) | 18 (8.6) | 191 (91.4) | 0.46(1.24; 0.72 to 2.15) | 1.22** |
| Blunt trauma fracture: control group | 836 (65.1) | 59 (7.1) | 777 (92.9) | ||
| Presence of fracture | 135 (10.5) | 21 (15.6) | 114 (84.4) | 0.012(1.98; 1.19 to 3.29) | 1.83** |
| Soft tissue injury only | 1,150 (89.5) | 98 (8.5) | 1,052 (91.5) | ||
| Presence of fracture: case group | 27 (2.1) | 12 (44.4) | 15 (55.6) | < 0.0001 (8.8; 3.17 to 24.42) | 5.33** |
| Presence of fracture: control group | 108 (8.4) | 9 (8.3) | 99 (91.7) | ||
| Contact with VROs | 510 (39.7) | 88 (17.3) | 422 (82.7) | < 0.0001(5; 3.27 to 7.67) | 4.31** |
| No contact with VROs | 775 (60.3) | 31 (4) | 744 (96) | ||
| Contact with VROs: case group | 102 (7.9) | 34 (33.3) | 68 (66.7) | < 0.0001(3.28; 1.99 to 5.41) | 2.52** |
| Contact with VROs: control group | 408 (31.8) | 54 (13.2) | 354 (86,8) | ||
| Operative: | |||||
| Fracture repair | 135 (10.5) | 21 (16.8) | 114 (84.4) | 0.012(1.98; 1.19 to 3.29) | 1.83** |
| Simple wound closure | 1,150 (89.5) | 98 (8.5) | 1,052 (91.5) | ||
| Fracture repair: case group | 27 (2.1) | 12 (44.4) | 15 (55.6) | < 0.0001(8.8; 3.17 to 24.42) | 5.33** |
| Fracture repair: control group | 108 (8.4) | 9 (8.3) | 99 (91.7) | ||
| Prolonged antibiotic use | 305 (23.7) | 95 (31.1) | 210 (68.9) | < 0.0001(18.02; 11.24 to 28.89) | 12.72** |
| No prolonged antibiotic use | 980 (76.3) | 24 (2.4) | 956 (97.6) | ||
| Prolonged antibiotic use: case group | 61 (4.7) | 32 (52.5) | 29 (47.5) | 0.0001(3.17; 1.78 to 5.65) | 2.03** |
| Prolonged antibiotic use: control group | 244 (19) | 63 (25.8) | 181 (74.2) | ||
| Hospital stay | 418 (32.5) | 76 (18.2) | 342 (81.8) | < 0.0001(4.26; 2.87 to 6.32) | 3.67** |
| No hospital stay | 867 (67.5) | 43 (5) | 824 (95) | ||
| Hospital stay: case group | 257 (20) | 49 (19.1) | 208 (80.9) | 0.6 (1.17; 0.7 to 1.96) | 1.14** |
| Hospital stay: control group | 161 (14.8) | 27 (16.8) | 134 (83.2) | ||
| Overall (whole cohort): | |||||
| Case group | 257 (20) | 49 (19.1) | 208 (80.9) | < 0.0001 (3.22; 2.17 to 4.78) | 2.8** |
| Control group | 1,028 (80) | 70 (6.8) | 958 (93.2) |
VRO – viral reservoir organ; OR – adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI – 95% confidence interval; RR – relative risk. Categorical data are presented as number (percentage).
*
Percentages in this column were calculated by the total subjects (n = 1,285).
**
Risk factors were determined by relative risk values (RR > 1.0).