Table 1.

Diagnostics of anaphylaxis to drug excipients

Excipient	Diagnostics
	Skin tests	Laboratory tests	Challenge tests
Patent blue V	Prick (10−1/pure) [6] i. d. (10−2) [6]	BATa [7]	–
Polysorbate 80	Prick (pure) i. d. (10−2, 10−1) [9]	BATa	200 mgb p.o. [9]
Gelatin (Galactose-α-[1,3]-galactose)	Prick (10−1, pure) [16] i. d. (10−3–10−1) [16]	IgEc [14, 16] BATa [19]	Beef-/porcine meet (α-Gal) [20]
Carboxymethyl cellulose	Prick (10 µg/ml) [24] i. d. (10−2–10−1) [24]	CASTa [24] BATa [25]	30 mgb [25]
Benzyl alcohol	i. d. (0.009%) [27]	–	–
Polyethylene glycol	Prick (10−2, pure) [28, 32] i. d. (10−3–10−1) [28, 32]	IgEa [8] BATd [32]	7.1 ge

BAT Basophile Activation Test, CAST Cellular Allergy Stimulation Test, i. d. intradermal, p.o. per os

^aNo commercial test

^bMaximal dose

^cThermo Fisher, Freiburg, Germany

^dBühlmann, Basel, Switzerland

^eMaximal cumulative dose