Table 2.
Mechanisms behind Chinese herbal monomers ameliorate DCM based on Nrf2.
| Reference | Author | Component | Experiment | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [43] | Eman M Abdelsamia | Curcumin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1 |
| [44] | Mustafa S Atta | Thymoquinone | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, SOD Downregulate iNOS, NO |
| [47] | Guan Wang | Resveratrol | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, NQO1 |
| [48] | Z Dong | Gastrodin | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, SOD, CAT |
| [49] | Jialin Duan | Aralia taibaiensis | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, SOD, GSH |
| [51] | Rodrigo L Castillo | Quercetin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, PGC-1α |
| [45] | Raish Mohammad | Sinapic acid | In vivo | Upregulate GPX, SOD, CAT, IκB-α/β, Nrf2, HO-1 Downregulate TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB |
| [69] | Yonggang Lian | Chrysophanol | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1 Downregulate IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 |
| [70] | Xuemei Chen | Kaempferol | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD, IκB-α Downregulate TNF-α, IL-6 |
| [71] | Ershun Liang | Andrographolide | In vivo | Upregulate SOD, Nrf2, HO-1, IκB-α Downregulate p65, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax/Bc12 |
| [72] | Hao Li | Piceatannol | In vitro | Upregulate Bc12, Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, IκB-α Downregulate Bax, p65, caspase3 |
| [74] | Huo Yan | Scutellarin | In vivo | Upregulate SOD, CAT, GPX, GST, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, IκB-β Downregulate Keap1, TLR4, Myd88, p50, IL-6, TNF-α |
| [75] | Zhou Xu | Bixin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, SOD, HO-1, CAT Downregulate TLR4, Myd88, IκB-α, NF-κB |
| [77] | Li Li | Luteolin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 Downregulate IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM, VCAM |
| [8] | Li Ran | Bailcalin | In vivo | Upregulate AMPKα, SOD, CPT-1, PGC1-α, GSH, Nrf2 Downregulate ANP, BNP, β-MHC, ACC, GSSG |
| [93] | Fawang Du | Notoginsenoside R1 | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, AMPK Downregulate ANP, BNP |
| [95] | Ramoji Kosuru | Pterostilbene | In vivo | Upregulate SOD, CAT, GSH, GPX, PGC-1α, Nrf2, HO-1, AMPK Downregulate IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB, TLR4, NLRP3 |
| [96] | Cuihua Zhao | Fortunellin | In vivo | Upregulate SOD, Nrf2, HO-1, AMPK Downregulate TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, NF-κB, Keap1 |
| [97] | J Z Altamimi | Ellagic acid | In vivo | Upregulate GSH, SOD, Nrf2, SIRT1 Downregulate BNP, TNF-α, IL-6 |
| [100] | Yiqiu Cao | Z-ligustilide | In vitro | Upregulate AMPK, Nrf2, SOD Downregulate GSK3β |
| [113] | Lijiao Xu | Scutellarin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, Akt |
| [110] | Sai Ma | Resveratrol | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, SIRT1 Downregulate ANP, BNP |
| [114] | Hongyang Liu | Spiraeoside | In vitro | Upregulate Akt, Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl2, SOD, GPX, CAT Downregulate caspase3, caspase7, Bax |
| [117] | Bin Zhang | Myricitrin | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GCS, NQO1, Akt Downregulate GSK3β |
| [116] | Jialin Duan | Butin | In vivo | Upregulate SOD, Nrf2, HO-1, Akt Downregulate Keap1, GSK3β, Fyn |
| [118] | Xuemei Gu | Isoliquiritigenin | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1 Downregulate TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, VCAM-1, MCP-1, JNK, ERK, p38 |
| [124] | Qitong Lu | Hinokinin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, SOD Downregulate Keap1, JNK1, ERK1/2, p38 |
| [125] | Jing Ni | Salidroside | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1 Downregulate ERK, JNK, p38 |
| [133] | Hai-Han Liao | Myricetin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD Downregulate collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, CTGF, Smad3, TGF-β |
| [134] | Wenshuai Ma | Bakuchiol | In vitro | Upregulate Nrf2, SOD, GPX Downregulate collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, TGF-β, Smad3 |
| [136] | Yin Ying | Phloretin | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 Downregulate TGF-β, collagen I, CTGF |
| [138] | A S Alshehri | Kaempferol | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, GSH, Bcl2 Downregulate TGF-β1, Bax |
| [40] | Bin Zhang | Notoginsenoside R1 | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GCS, NQO1, Smurf2 Downregulate TGF-β, collagen I, Bax/Bc12, caspase-3, caspase-9, Smad2/3 |
| [142] | Guangru Li | Syringaresinol | In vivo | Upregulate Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, SOD Downregulate TGF-β, fibronectin, α-SMA, Smad2/3, Bax/Bc12, Keap1 |