Table 1.
Critical Appraisal Results for Included Quantitative Studies Using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studiesa
| Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brody35 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y | Y |
| Hunter41 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y | Y |
| Hunter42 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y | Y |
| Lawler34 | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | Y | Y |
| Lorio43 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | U | Y |
| Lusardi44 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y | Y |
| Miles46 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y |
| Staples24 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | U | Y |
| Wood47 | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | Y | Y |
a
N/A = not applicable; N = no; U = unclear; Y = yes. Q1: Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? Q2: Were the study participants and the setting described in detail? Q3: Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? Q4: Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? Q5: Were confounding factors identified? Q6: Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? Q7: Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? Q8: Was appropriate statistical analysis used?