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. 2022 May 31;13:3019. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30691-z

Fig. 3. Enhanced mechanical properties of the reconstructed hydrogels crosslinked by various cations.

Fig. 3

a Illustration of secondary-ion-crosslinked Ca–Alg/D/Ca–X hydrogels through the exchange from Ca2+ ions with other cations by soaking in BaCl2, AlCl3, or FeCl3 solution. b Water content in the resulting hydrogels. c Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping of the cross-section and d X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) profiles of the upper surface of Ca–Alg/D/Ca and Ca–Alg/D/Ca–Fe. e Stress-strain curves and f tensile strengths and elastic moduli of the reconstructed hydrogels. g Tensile strengths and elastic moduli of Ca–Alg/D/Ca–Fe with different thicknesses. Error bars correspond to standard deviations.