Figure 6. The EV‐vsiRNAs confer antiviral activity upon antiviral RNAi activation.

VsiRNAs are induced in virus‐infected cells by dicing the viral double‐stranded RNA replicative intermediates and loaded into RISC for subsequent cleavage of viral RNA genomes. Part of the vsiRNAs enter the EVs together with miRNAs, ncRNAs, proteins, and lipids. EVs in MVBs are secreted to the extracellular system. When attached to recipient cells, vsiRNAs in EVs are released into the cytoplasm to restrict the virus replication.