Table 3.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Authors | Country | Age (mean and range) | Sample | Time of administration | Setting | %meeting criteria for depression | Other screening tools used | Diagnostic criteria | EPDS cut off points reported | Method of administration | Language | Reference Test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Areias,1996 | Portugal | 26.2 (20–37) | 42 | Six months antenatal, 3mo and 12mo postnatal | Maternity clinic and home | 23.80% | Depression (major and minor) | Not mention | Self-report | Portuguese | SADS | |
| Matthey, 2001 |
Australia | 29.1 (range not reported) | 208 | 6–7 weeks postpartum | Parent-hood class | 2.90% | CES-D | Distress caseness for depression and anxiety/depression only/anxiety | >9 | Self-report | English | DIS |
| Edmondson, 2010 |
United Kingdom |
35 (range not reported) | 189 | 14 weeks postpartum | Maternity hospital | 10% | >10 MDD, >8 casenesses of depression and GAD |
>10 | Postal-self report | English | SCID (DSM IV) | |
| Lai,2010 | Hong Kong | 33.4 (18–59) | 551 | 8 weeks postpartum | Postnatal ward | 7.23% | BDI, PHQ-9 | Depression | >10 | Self-report | Chinese | SCID-NP |
| Tran,2012 | Vietnam | 31 (20–49) | 231 | 28 weeks ANC to 4–6 weeks postpartum | Commune health centers | 7.40% | Zung SAS, GHQ-12 | >4 | Individual structured interview | Vietnamese | SCID | |
| Massoudi, 2013 |
Sweden | 33 (20–51) | 882 | 12 weeks postpartum | Child health services | 6.10% | HAD-A | Depression, depression and anxiety, anxiety only |
>9 | Self-report | Swedish | PRIME MD |
| Shaheen, 2019 |
Saudi Arabia | 34.97 (range not reported) | 290 | up to 6 months postpartum | Postnatal ward and birth registration center | 16.60% | Depression (major and minor) | >8 | Self-report | Arabic | DSM5 |
Abbreviations: SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, CES-D (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), DIS (Diagnostic Interview Schedule), SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders), PRIME MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), DSM (Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), PHQ-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9), HAD-A (Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale).