Table 1.

Ongoing or completed clinical trials for therapeutics targeting efferocytosis

Target	Drug/company (trial details)	Pathologies	Trial phase	Clinical trial ID/refs
Axl	Bemcentinib; also known as BGB324 and R428/trial by BerGenBio ASA	COVID-19	II	NCT04890509 (refs206,207)
	Bemcentinib/Rigel Pharmaceutical/BerGenBio (alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics)	Recurrent glioblastoma, advanced solid tumours, metastatic breast cancer, AML, non-small cell lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma	II II II I+II I	NCT03824080 NCT03184571 NCT03654833 (refs130,208–211) NCT03649321 NCT03965494
	Bemcentinib/trial by BerGenBio	Non-small cell lung cancer	I	NCT02488408
	Amuvatinib/trial by Astex Pharmaceuticals (in combination with platinum–etoposide)	Small cell lung cancer	II	NCT01357395 (refs212–214)
	Cabozantini/trial by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre and Exelixis	Non-small cell lung cancer	II	NCT01639508
	TP-0903/trial by Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology	Advanced solid tumours	I	NCT02729298 (refs215–218)
MerTK	ONO-7475/Ono Pharmaceuticals (alone or in combination with venetoclax)	Cancers219: acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes	I+II	NCT03176277
	MRX-2843/trials by Meryx, Inc. (NCT04872478 and NCT03510104), Emory University (NCT04762199) and Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd (NCT04946890) (alone or in combination with osimertinib)	Solid tumours, non-small cell lung cancer, refractory AML	I+II I I I	NCT04946890 NCT03510104 NCT04762199 NCT04872478
	PF-07265807/trial by Pfizer	Metastatic solid tumours	I	NCT04458259 (ref.134)
	Gene therapy (AAV-mediated delivery)	Retinitis pigmentosa	I	NCT01482195 (refs220–222)
CD47	Magrolimab/trials by Gilead Sciences (alone or in combination with pembrolizumab/docetaxel/azacitidine/neopaclitazel/venetoclax/mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine/CC-486/cetuximab)	AML Refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma/solid tumour/myelodysplastic syndrome/metastatic triple negative breast cancer/refractory multiple myeloma/myeloid leukaemia, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma/myeloid malignancies/T cell lymphoma/AML/solid tumours and advanced colorectal cancer, recurrent brain tumour, neuroblastoma	III III III II II II II II II I+II I+II I+II I+II I I	NCT04313881 NCT04778397 NCT05079230 NCT04788043 NCT04827576 NCT04958785 NCT04892446 NCT04854499 NCT04778410 NCT04541017 NCT04435691 NCT02953782 NCT02953509 (ref.223) NCT05169944 NCT04751383
	ALX148/most trials by ALX Oncology (alone or in combination with venetoclax/azacitidine/rituximab/lenalidomide/zantidamab)	B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes, AML, advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma, advanced solid tumours, Her2+ cancers, microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer	II+III II II II I+II I+II I+II I+II I	NCT05002127 NCT04675294 NCT04675333 NCT05167409 NCT04755244 NCT04417517 NCT05025800 NCT05027139 NCT03013218
	AO-176/trial by Arch Oncology and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.	Malignancies/multiple myeloma	I+II I+II	NCT04886271 NCT04445701
	AK117/Akesobio Pharmaceuticals	AML/myelodysplastic syndrome, malignant neoplasm	I+II I+II I I	NCT04900350 NCT04980885 NCT04349969 NCT04728334
	AO-176/trial by Arch Oncology (alone or in combination with paclitaxel/pembrolizumab/magrolimab or with bortezomib/dexamethasone)	Advanced solid tumours, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma	I+II I+II	NCT03834948 NCT04445701 (ref.146)
	HX009/trial by Waterstone Han X Bio Pty Ltd	Advanced solid tumours	I	NCT04097769
Tim4/3	Sabatolimab; also known as MBG453/trials by Novartis (alone or in combination with PDR001/azacitidine/decitabine/venetoclax)	Cancers: advanced malignancies/lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome/AML/myelodysplastic syndromes	III II II II II II I+II I+II	NCT04266301 NCT04823624 NCT04150029 NCT04878432 NCT03946670 NCT04812548 NCT04623216 NCT02608268
	TSR-022/trials by Tersaro, Inc. (alone or in combination with TSR-042)	Advanced solid tumours/liver cancer/melanoma	II I I	NCT03680508 NCT0281763 NCT03307785
	LY3321367/Eli Lilly and Company (alone or in combination with LY3300054)	Advanced/refractory solid tumours	I	NCT03099109 (ref.138)

AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; TIM, T cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor.