FvWRKY48 bonding to the FvPLA promoter. A, Analysis of FvWRKY48 binding to the FvPLA promoter using a Y1H assay. Four different regions of the FvPLA promoter were used in Y1H assays with FvWRKY48. B and C, EMSA and ChIP-qPCR assays showing the interaction of FvWRKY48 with the FvPLA promoter in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The ratio of immunoprecipitated DNA over the input was presented as the percentage of input (IP %). Values represent the mean across three biological replicates, error bars represent sd between biological replicates. D, GUS activity assay to examine the regulatory role of FvWRKY48 on the FvPLA promoter. ProFvPLA and mProFvPLA were incorporated in a reporter vector, and FvWRKY48 was expressed through an effector vector. Values represent the mean across three biological replicates, error bars represent sd, significant differences (P < 0.05) are indicated by lowercase letters based on Duncan’s test.