Table 1. Incident Cases and Deaths of Neonatal Preterm Birth in 1990 and 2019 and Their Change Trends From 1990 to 2019.
| Characteristic | 1990 | 2019 | Relative change, 1990-2019 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident cases, No. × 105 (95% UI) | Deaths, No. × 103 (95% UI) | Incident cases, No. × 105 (95% UI) | Deaths, No. × 103 (95% UI) | Incident cases, % | Deaths, % | |
| Overall | 160.62 (159.46-161.90) | 1269.04 (1166.14-1383.98) | 152.17 (151.11-153.20) | 663.52 (560.96-788.95) | −5.26 | −47.71 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 73.42 (72.63-74.30) | 560.11 (511.83-613.97) | 69.75 (68.97-70.43) | 279.57 (237.91-327.32) | −5.00 | −50.09 |
| Male | 87.19 (86.34-88.05) | 708.93 (644.55-781.04) | 82.42 (81.70-83.18) | 383.95 (321.74-463.85) | −5.47 | −45.84 |
| SDI region | ||||||
| Low | NA | 250.36 (221.71-283.47) | NA | 261.93 (214.37-321.60) | NA | 4.62 |
| Low-middle | NA | 474.63 (426.84-532.36) | NA | 237.06 (196.74-280.55) | NA | −50.05 |
| Middle | NA | 376.48 (348.51-406.02) | NA | 124.81 (105.33-147.61) | NA | −66.85 |
| Middle-high | NA | 135.26 (122.63-148.39) | NA | 27.98 (23.74-32.93) | NA | −79.31 |
| High | 9.72 (9.63-9.81) | 31.69 (29.80-33.81) | 9.11 (9.01-9.21) | 11.31 (10.07-12.66) | −5.00 | −64.31 |
| GBD region | ||||||
| Andean Latin America | 1.10 (1.05-1.15) | 10.93 (9.51-12.51) | 1.08 (1.04-1.13) | 4.08 (2.93-5.48) | −1.78 | −62.67 |
| Australasia | 0.22 (0.21-0.23) | 0.65 (0.60-0.71) | 0.27 (0.26-0.29) | 0.25 (0.20-0.31) | 25.30 | −61.37 |
| Caribbean | 1.30 (1.26-1.34) | 6.07 (5.28-6.96) | 1.23 (1.18-1.27) | 3.84 (2.78-5.23) | −5.15 | −36.68 |
| Central Asia | 1.40 (1.36-1.45) | 9.34 (8.15-10.65) | 1.26 (1.22-1.30) | 5.66 (4.63-6.90) | −10.16 | −39.43 |
| Central Europe | 1.21 (1.18-1.23) | 7.81 (7.36-8.29) | 0.81 (0.79-0.82) | 1.21 (0.92-1.52) | −33.16 | −84.55 |
| Central Latin America | 4.23 (4.15-4.31) | 39.64 (34.90-44.39) | 4.07 (3.99-4.15) | 11.58 (8.85-14.60) | −3.71 | −70.78 |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.91 (2.79-3.03) | 25.74 (19.70-32.96) | 4.50 (4.30-4.70) | 27.70 (20.75-36.42) | 54.46 | 7.60 |
| East Asia | 19.06 (18.76-19.37) | 165.47 (145.14-187.30) | 9.89 (9.74-10.05) | 23.27 (19.88-27.07) | −48.10 | −85.94 |
| Eastern Europe | 2.13 (2.10-2.16) | 8.55 (7.81-9.47) | 1.77 (1.75-1.80) | 1.52 (1.21-1.88) | −16.68 | −82.22 |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 12.35 (12.16-12.54) | 74.62 (64.54-85.04) | 17.09 (16.83-17.37) | 67.22 (51.93-87.25) | 38.39 | −9.92 |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 1.13 (1.10-1.17) | 2.81 (2.50-3.26) | 0.88 (0.86-0.90) | 0.49 (0.42-0.56) | −22.58 | −82.52 |
| High-income North America | 4.74 (4.70-4.78) | 13.01 (12.37-13.74) | 4.72 (4.65-4.78) | 6.84 (6.21-7.58) | −0.47 | −47.40 |
| North Africa and Middle East | 15.07 (14.77-15.41) | 178.79 (152.22-212.21) | 16.57 (16.24-16.92) | 59.66 (47.21-74.22) | 9.91 | −66.63 |
| Oceania | 0.22 (0.21-0.23) | 1.47 (1.08-1.90) | 0.40 (0.37-0.42) | 2.36 (1.57-3.44) | 80.72 | 60.39 |
| South Asia | 58.10 (57.12-59.18) | 438.60 (381.57-506.46) | 46.85 (45.96-47.71) | 233.42 (193.68-282.73) | −19.37 | −46.78 |
| Southeast Asia | 12.77 (12.56-12.98) | 119.38 (106.73-134.46) | 9.63 (9.50-9.78) | 44.54 (35.85-54.34) | −24.56 | −62.69 |
| Southern Latin America | 0.57 (0.51-0.63) | 7.36 (6.81-7.89) | 0.55 (0.53-0.58) | 2.31 (1.75-2.96) | −2.63 | −68.64 |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 2.13 (2.09-2.17) | 10.19 (8.54-11.99) | 2.22 (2.17-2.26) | 11.11 (8.63-14.66) | 4.06 | 9.00 |
| Tropical Latin America | 4.14 (4.06-4.22) | 47.02 (40.98-54.29) | 3.71 (3.65-3.77) | 11.31 (8.98-13.98) | −10.38 | −75.95 |
| Western Europe | 3.45 (3.38-3.52) | 9.91 (9.44-10.60) | 3.19 (3.12-3.27) | 3.21 (2.69-3.80) | −7.44 | −67.65 |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 12.40 (12.27-12.54) | 91.68 (78.21-105.92) | 21.50 (21.23-21.78) | 141.95 (114.66-175.77) | 73.32 | 54.83 |
Abbreviations: GBD, Global Burden of Disease; NA, not applicable; SDI, sociodemographic index; UI, uncertainty interval.