Table 2. ASIRs and ASMRs of Neonatal Preterm Birth in 1990 and 2019 and Their Change Trends From 1990 to 2019.
| Characteristic | No. (95% UI) | No. (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | 1990-2019 | ||||
| ASIR per 100 000 | ASMR per 100 000 | ASIR per 100 000 | ASMR per 100 000 | EAPC of ASIR | EAPC of ASMR | |
| Overall | 244.19 (242.43 to 246.14) | 19.34 (17.77 to 21.09) | 234.96 (233.32 to 236.54) | 10.24 (8.66 to 12.18) | −0.19 (−0.27 to −0.11) | −2.09 (−2.20 to −1.99) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 230.89 (228.39 to 233.63) | 17.65 (16.13 to 19.34) | 223.07 (220.56 to 225.23) | 8.94 (7.60 to 10.46) | −0.17 (−0.25 to −0.09) | −2.27 (−2.37 to −2.17) |
| Male | 256.64 (254.13 to 259.16) | 20.92 (19.02 to 23.05) | 246.06 (243.90 to 248.33) | 11.46 (9.60 to 13.84) | −0.20 (−0.29 to −0.12) | −1.96 (−2.06 to −1.86) |
| SDI region | ||||||
| Low | 323.61 (319.41 to 328.41) | 22.25 (19.71 to 25.19) | 294.30 (290.56 to 297.85) | 14.53 (11.89 to 17.83) | −0.32 (−0.39 to −0.25) | −1.32 (−1.38 to −1.26) |
| Low-middle | 302.97 (298.14 to 308.52) | 26.25 (23.62 to 29.45) | 255.10 (250.61 to 259.26) | 13.96 (11.58 to 16.52) | −0.63 (−0.72 to −0.55) | −1.94 (−2.06 to −1.82) |
| Middle | 202.36 (200.41 to 204.43) | 18.23 (16.88 to 19.66) | 194.49 (192.43 to 196.65) | 7.26 (6.13 to 8.58) | −0.17 (−0.20 to −0.14) | −3.02 (−3.21 to −2.83) |
| Middle-high | 174.85 (172.29 to 177.46) | 13.58 (12.32 to 14.91) | 173.43 (171.06 to 175.93) | 3.69 (3.13 to 4.34) | −0.09 (−0.12 to −0.06) | −4.60 (−4.75 to −4.45) |
| High | 171.30 (169.70 to 173.01) | 5.57 (5.24 to 5.94) | 183.62 (181.60 to 185.68) | 2.27 (2.02 to 2.54) | 0.25 (0.13 to 0.38) | −2.91 (−3.00 to −2.82) |
| GBD region | ||||||
| Andean Latin America | 190.40 (181.83 to 199.54) | 18.96 (16.49 to 21.71) | 171.80 (164.88 to 179.11) | 6.47 (4.65 to 8.69) | −0.49 (−0.54 to −0.44) | −3.56 (−3.77 to −3.35) |
| Australasia | 142.27 (135.63 to 149.31) | 4.28 (3.96 to 4.68) | 153.62 (144.93 to 162.26) | 1.42 (1.13 to 1.73) | 0.28 (0.17 to 0.39) | −3.05 (−3.44 to −2.66) |
| Caribbean | 298.98 (290.28 to 307.94) | 14.00 (12.19 to 16.05) | 314.89 (303.19 to 326.29) | 9.84 (7.11 to 13.39) | 0.12 (0.08 to 0.17) | −1.08 (−1.18 to −0.98) |
| Central Asia | 149.96 (144.96 to 154.52) | 9.98 (8.71 to 11.38) | 139.38 (134.69 to 144.10) | 6.24 (5.11 to 7.61) | −0.33 (−0.37 to −0.30) | −1.35 (−1.73 to −0.96) |
| Central Europe | 150.55 (147.39 to 153.64) | 9.67 (9.13 to 10.28) | 156.82 (154.09 to 159.69) | 2.33 (1.77 to 2.94) | 0.12 (0.09 to 0.14) | −4.80 (−5.05 to −4.54) |
| Central Latin America | 177.97 (174.66 to 181.34) | 16.70 (14.71 to 18.70) | 192.96 (188.98 to 196.81) | 5.48 (4.19 to 6.90) | 0.30 (0.26 to 0.34) | −3.82 (−3.99 to −3.64) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 228.14 (218.60 to 237.69) | 20.24 (15.48 to 25.90) | 211.19 (201.75 to 220.77) | 13.01 (9.75 to 17.12) | −0.23 (−0.28 to −0.17) | −1.25 (−1.42 to −1.08) |
| East Asia | 158.41 (155.99 to 161.05) | 13.74 (12.05 to 15.55) | 133.45 (131.36 to 135.55) | 3.12 (2.66 to 3.63) | −0.76 (−0.89 to −0.63) | −5.32 (−5.60 to −5.05) |
| Eastern Europe | 151.65 (149.30 to 153.94) | 6.06 (5.54 to 6.71) | 163.86 (161.57 to 165.90) | 1.40 (1.11 to 1.72) | 0.36 (0.33 to 0.38) | −5.35 (−5.70 to −5.00) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 290.05 (285.64 to 294.45) | 17.63 (15.25 to 20.11) | 253.36 (249.44 to 257.46) | 9.98 (7.71 to 12.95) | −0.48 (−0.60 to −0.35) | −1.86 (−1.96 to −1.76) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 119.85 (116.45 to 123.67) | 2.96 (2.62 to 3.43) | 132.50 (129.47 to 135.80) | 0.73 (0.64 to 0.83) | 0.46 (0.36 to 0.56) | −4.27 (−4.53 to −4.02) |
| High-income North America | 215.56 (213.75 to 217.53) | 5.90 (5.61 to 6.24) | 233.97 (230.81 to 237.18) | 3.38 (3.07 to 3.75) | 0.26 (0.07 to 0.46) | −1.62 (−1.74 to −1.50) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 268.82 (263.45 to 274.73) | 31.99 (27.24 to 37.99) | 284.77 (279.15 to 290.74) | 10.24 (8.10 to 12.73) | 0.17 (0.15 to 0.20) | −3.72 (−3.83 to −3.61) |
| Oceania | 205.92 (194.46 to 217.48) | 13.87 (10.20 to 17.87) | 201.21 (188.27 to 213.86) | 12.01 (8.01 to 17.48) | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | −0.35 (−0.44 to −0.26) |
| South Asia | 338.16 (332.46 to 344.46) | 25.62 (22.31 to 29.57) | 292.10 (286.55 to 297.51) | 14.56 (12.08 to 17.64) | −0.52 (−0.60 to −0.45) | −1.64 (−1.77 to −1.50) |
| Southeast Asia | 211.47 (208.08 to 214.93) | 19.80 (17.70 to 22.30) | 184.13 (181.59 to 186.93) | 8.51 (6.85 to 10.38) | −0.48 (−0.49 to −0.46) | −2.84 (−2.93 to −2.74) |
| Southern Latin America | 113.24 (102.07 to 125.58) | 14.67 (13.56 to 15.71) | 119.31 (113.65 to 124.75) | 4.97 (3.77 to 6.37) | 0.25 (0.22 to 0.28) | −3.50 (−3.63 to −3.37) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 289.10 (283.41 to 295.04) | 13.85 (11.61 to 16.29) | 278.40 (272.49 to 284.35) | 13.95 (10.84 to 18.42) | −0.16 (−0.24 to −0.08) | 0.62 (0.20 to 1.03) |
| Tropical Latin America | 241.73 (237.41 to 246.47) | 27.50 (23.97 to 31.76) | 239.95 (236.52 to 243.71) | 7.30 (5.79 to 9.02) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.04) | −4.48 (−4.59 to −4.37) |
| Western Europe | 154.83 (151.70 to 158.09) | 4.43 (4.22 to 4.74) | 154.27 (150.64 to 157.90) | 1.54 (1.29 to 1.83) | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01) | −3.45 (−3.60 to −3.31) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 290.02 (286.89 to 293.26) | 21.51 (18.35 to 24.85) | 274.32 (270.86 to 277.93) | 18.14 (14.65 to 22.46) | −0.19 (−0.22 to −0.16) | −0.48 (−0.55 to −0.41) |
Abbreviations: ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, sociodemographic index; UI, uncertainty interval.