Table 1.
Virus susceptibility to ISG20 inhibition and known modifications of viral RNAs.
| ISG20 inhibition (Refs.) | Known viral RNA features | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7mG cap (cap 1) | Epitranscr. Modif. | Poly(A) tail | Refs. | ||
| Negative‐polarity RNA viruses | |||||
|
Orthomyxoviridae Influenza A virus (IAV) |
Yes; [37, 96] | Yes Cap‐snatching | m6A | Yes | [97, 98] |
|
Peribunyaviridae Bunyamwera (BUNV) Cache Valley virus (CVV) Kairi virus (KRIV) Oropouche virus (OROV) Schmallenberg virus (SBV) Batama virus (BMAV) Boraceia virus (BORV) Tacaiuma virus (TCMV) Anopheles A virus (ANAV) Capim virus (CAPV) |
Yes; [80] | Yes Cap‐snatching | ND | No | [99, 100] |
| No; [80] | |||||
|
Hantaviridae Puumala virus (PUUV) |
Yes; [80] | ||||
|
Nairoviridae Dugbe virus (DUGV) | |||||
|
Phenuiviridae Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) Heartland virus (HRTV) |
No; [80] | ||||
|
Rhabdoviridae Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) |
Yes; [37, 39] | Yes | m6A | Yes | [101, 102, 103] |
| Positive‐polarity RNA viruses | |||||
|
Flaviviridae Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) West Nile virus (WNV) Dengue virus (DENV) Yellow fever virus (YFV) Zika virus (ZIKV) |
Yes; [24, 104, 105] | No | m6A, m5C, ψ, m1A, I | No | [89, 106, 107, 108, 109] |
| Yes; [24] | ND | No | [107, 110] | ||
| Yes; [38] | Yes |
m6A (WNV) m6A, m5C, ψ, m1A, I (DENV) |
No | [89, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115] | |
| Yes; [24] | m6A, I | ||||
| Yes; [93] | m6A, m5C, ψ, m1A | ||||
|
Picornaviridae Hepatitis A virus HAV Encephalomyocarditis virus (ECMV) |
Yes; [24, 37] | No | ND | Yes | [116, 117, 118] |
|
Togaviridae Sindbis virus (SINV) Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) |
Yes; [12, 119] |
No Cap 0* |
ND | Yes | [120, 121] |
|
Coronaviridae Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐1) and SARS‐CoV‐2 |
No (1); [24] Yes (2); [122] |
Yes | ND m6A (SARS‐CoV‐2) | Yes | [123, 124, 125] |
| Viruses containing retroelements | |||||
|
Retroviridae Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) |
Yes; [36, 126, 127] | Yes | m6A, m5C, ψ, m1A, I | Yes | [108, 128, 129, 130, 131] |
|
Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus (HBV) |
Yes; [21, 132, 133] | Yes | m6A | Yes | [50, 133, 134, 135] |
Virus families are indicated in bold.
Cap 0: m7GpppNp. Di‐ and trimethylated caps have also been described (m2,7G‐ and m2,2,7G‐caps in the case of SINV). ND, not determined.