Table 2b.
Turn performances [s] from 5 m before to 5 m and 10 m after wall contact of the eight female finalists (fastest) compared to the eight slowest female swimmers from the heats by a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
| Type of turn | ANOVA | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BU to BA turn | BA to BR turn | BR to FR turn | F-value | P-value | pη2 | ||||
| 100 m IM | 5 m in | fastest | 2.69 ± 0.09 | 2.94 ± 0.07 * BR/FR | 3.50 ± 0.19 * BU/BA | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 32 | < 0.001 | 0.43 |
| slowest | 2.91 ± 0.25 | 3.25 ± 0.22 BU/BA, BR/FR | 3.88 ± 0.21 BU/BA | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 96 | < 0.001 | 0.82 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 1 | n.s. | |||||||
| 5 m out | fastest | 2.83 ± 0.14 | 2.74 ± 0.16 * | 2.84 ± 0.07 * | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 62 | < 0.001 | 0.59 | |
| slowest | 2.97 ± 0.16 | 3.31 ± 0.26 BU/BA | 3.22 ± 0.11 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 3 | 0.04 | 0.14 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 7 | < 0.01 | 0.25 | ||||||
| 10 m out | fastest | 5.54 ± 0.08 * | 6.38 ± 0.22 * BU/BA, BR/FR | 5.83 ± 0.18 * | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 146 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | |
| slowest | 6.26 ± 0.33 | 7.52 ± 0.31 BU/BA, BR/FR | 6.47 ± 0.22 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 84 | < 0.001 | 0.80 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 5 | 0.01 | 0.20 | ||||||
| Total turn time | fastest | 8.24 ± 0.15 * | 9.32 ± 0.22 * BU/BA | 9.33 ± 0.23 * BU/BA | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 116 | < 0.001 | 0.73 | |
| slowest | 9.17 ± 0.55 | 10.77 ± 0.47 BU/BA | 10.36 ± 0.39 BU/BA | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 62 | < 0.001 | 0.75 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 2 | n.s. | |||||||
| 200 m IM | 5 m in | fastest | 2.96 ± 0.07 * | 3.30 ± 0.12 * BU/BA, BR/FR | 3.76 ± 0.06 * BU/BA | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 58 | < 0.001 | 0.58 |
| slowest | 3.22 ± 0.08 | 3.63 ± 0.16 BU/BA, BR/FR | 4.05 ± 0.23 BU/BA | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 152 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 0 | n.s. | |||||||
| 5 m out | fastest | 2.99 ± 0.08 | 2.75 ± 0.18 * | 3.00 ± 0.13 * | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 44 | < 0.001 | 0.51 | |
| slowest | 3.13 ± 0.11 | 3.23 ± 0.21 | 3.24 ± 0.13 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 3 | n.s. | |||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 6 | < 0.01 | 0.21 | ||||||
| 10 m out | fastest | 6.20 ± 0.16 * | 6.71 ± 0.31 * BU/BA, BR/FR | 6.12 ± 0.13 * | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 85 | < 0.001 | 0.67 | |
| slowest | 6.64 ± 0.26 | 7.54 ± 0.28 BU/BA, BR/FR | 6.67 ± 0.16 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 54 | < 0.001 | 0.72 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 3 | n.s. | |||||||
| Total turn time | fastest | 9.16 ± 0.16 * | 10.02 ± 0.28 * BU/BA | 9.88 ± 0.14 * BU/BA | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 143 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | |
| slowest | 9.86 ± 0.27 | 11.29 ± 0.42 BU/BA, BR/FR | 10.72 ± 0.26 BU/BA | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 75 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 5 | 0.01 | 0.19 | ||||||
| 400 m IM | 5 m in | fastest | 3.23 ± 0.15 * | 3.63 ± 0.18 BU/BA, BR/FR | 4.00 ± 0.16 BU/BA | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 32 | < 0.001 | 0.43 |
| slowest | 3.58 ± 0.16 | 3.88 ± 0.18 BU/BA, BR/FR | 4.21 ± 0.17 BU/BA | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 70 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 1 | n.s. | |||||||
| 5 m out | fastest | 3.18 ± 0.21 | 3.04 ± 0.31 * | 3.21 ± 0.13 | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 28 | < 0.001 | 0.40 | |
| slowest | 3.38 ± 0.12 | 3.46 ± 0.17 | 3.44 ± 0.07 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 1 | n.s. | |||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 2 | n.s. | |||||||
| 10 m out | fastest | 6.68 ± 0.31 * | 7.11 ± 0.45 * BR/FR | 6.42 ± 0.19 * | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 40 | < 0.001 | 0.49 | |
| slowest | 7.13 ± 0.29 | 7.75 ± 0.22 BU/BA, BR/FR | 6.88 ± 0.16 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 31 | < 0.001 | 0.59 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 1 | n.s. | |||||||
| Total turn time | fastest | 9.92 ± 0.30 * | 10.74 ± 0.55 * BU/BA | 10.42 ± 0.22 | (a) | F(1 | 42) = 42 | < 0.001 | 0.50 | |
| slowest | 10.72 ± 0.35 | 11.97 ± 0.87 BU/BA, BR/FR | 11.09 ± 0.28 | (b) | F(2 | 42) = 19 | < 0.001 | 0.47 | ||
| (c) | F(2 | 42) = 1 | n.s. | |||||||
IM: Individual Medley, BU: Butterfly, BA: Backstroke, BR: Breaststroke, FR Freestyle, n.s.: not significant. (a) Main effect group: fastest vs. slowest swimmers (b) Main effect type of turn: BU to BA turn vs. BA to BR turn vs. BR to FR turn (c) Interaction effect: group x type of turn Post-hoc comparisons:
* significant difference to slowest swimmers BU/BA, BA/BR, BR/FR significant difference to particular type of turn