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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mutat Res. 2017 Jul 24;806:64–74. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.008

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

IR causes DNA damage directly and through ROS production, causing a wide variety of genetic changes. Some changes appear immediately after exposure and are most likely targeted effects. IR also induces delayed effects that can lead to the same types of genetic changes, but are likely non-targeted effects and may reflect changes in specific organelles or processes that have broad impact on genome stability.