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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mutat Res. 2017 Jul 24;806:64–74. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.008

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Core factors in DNA repair and DDR networks. Ionizing radiation causes DNA damage that activates PIKs (bold) which transmit signals to both downstream and upstream targets that regulate DNA repair by aNHEJ, cNHEJ, and HR, and activate checkpoint response pathways that arrest the cell cycle and trigger programmed cell death pathways, all of which regulate cell fate.