Cytotoxicty, synoviocytes migration, and synoviocytes invasion. Cell viability (n = 3) of L929 (a), HUVEC (b), and RA-FLS (c) cocultured with Nap-GFFY and Nap-GDFDFDY hydrogels. Cytotoxicty (n = 3) of MTX-GFFY and MTX-GDFDFDY hydrogels toward L929 (d), HUVEC (e), and RA-FLS (f). (g) Wound-healing assay of RA-FLS with different treatments. (h) Transwell study of RA-FLS treated with different hydrogels. Quantitative analysis (n = 6) of migration rates at 12 h (i) and 24 h (j). (k) Quantitative analysis (n = 6) of cell numbers in transwell assay. Data are presented as means ± SD. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, #p < 0.001, ##p < 0.0001 compared to MTX-GDFDFDY group. Scale bar = 500 μm.