Table 2.
Treatments of CVDs through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
| Treatment/method | Species/cell | Effect of mitochondrial dynamics | Result | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I/R | RIPC | Wistar rat with I/R injury | Increase of Opa1 | Decrease in MI size | (35) |
| Irisin | Hypoxia-treated cardiomyocyte | Induction of Opa1-mediated mitophagy | Inhibition of apoptosis | (42) | |
| Aerobic exercise | Wistar rat with I/R injury | Increase of Mfn1 and Mfn2 | Decrease in MI size | (155) | |
| Cordycepin | Diabetic mice with I/R injury | Increase of Mfn2 | Decrease in MI size | (156) | |
| Melatonin | C57BL/6 with I/R injury | Increase of Opa1 | Improvement of apoptosis and mitochondrial function | (157) | |
| Melatonin | Diabetic rat with I/R injury | Inhibition of p-Drp1 (Ser616) | Decrease in MI size and apoptosis | (158) | |
| Hydralazine | C57BL/6N with I/R injury | Drp1 inhibition | Decrease in MI size | (159) | |
| Donepezil | Wistar rat with I/R injury | Inactivation of p-Drp1 (Ser616) and activation of Mfn2 and Opa1 | Improvement of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction | (160) | |
| Diabetic CM | BTP2 | Zucker diabetic fat | Inactivation of p-Drp1 (Ser616) and activation of p-Drp1 (Ser637) | Improvement of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy | (64) |
| Paeonol | Sprague-Dawley rat cardiomyocytes under high glucose condition | Increase of Opa1 | Improvement of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis | (161) | |
| Dox-CM | Klotho | C57BL/6 treated with doxorubicin | Inactivation of p-Drp1 (Ser616) | Suppression of apoptosis | (162) |
| Ischemic HF | Sevoflurane postconditioning | Sprague-Dawley rat with I/R injury | Increase of Opa1and Decrease of Drp1 | Induction of mitophagy and improvement of myocardial ATP production | (164) |
| Nicorandil | Rat with I/R injury | Decrease of Drp1and increase of Opa1 and Mfn1 | Increase in opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel | (165) | |
| SAMβA | Rat treated with AngII | Increase of Mfn1 | Reduction of apoptotic cell death | (166) | |
| ATS | ARB | Rat VSMC | Increase of Mfn2 | Inhibition of cell proliferation | (110) |
| Mdivi-1 | Human VSMC | Drp1 inhibition | Attenuation of VSMC calcification | (115) | |
| Resveratrol | HUVEC treated with palmitic acid | Increase of Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1 | Improvement of cell viability and reduction of oxidative stress | (167) | |
| Fish oil | High-fat-fed ApoE KO mice | Increase of Mfn1 and Opa1 | Improvement of endothelial dysfunction | (168) | |
| Ferulic acid | High-fat-fed ApoE KO mice and Human mononuclear cell | Restored Mfn1 and Mfn2 which are decreased by high fat diet | Inhibition of oxidative stress | (169) | |
| Coenzyme Q10 | High-fat-fed ApoE KO mice | Increase of Opa1 | Inhibition of oxidative stress and promotion of energy metabolism | (170) | |
| Adiponectin | Human VSMC | Increase of Mfn2 | Inhibition of cell proliferation | (171) | |
| Melatonin | Rat VSMC | Drp1 inhibition | Inhibition of arterial calcification | (172) | |
| Irisin | High-phosphorus-diet C57BL/6 | Drp1 inhibition | Inhibition of arterial calcification | (173) | |
| Quercetin | Adenine-rich diet rat | Inhibition of p-Drp1 (Ser616) | Inhibition of arterial calcification | (174) | |
| HTN | Mdivi-1 | C57BL/6 treated with AngII | Drp1 inhibition | Inhibition of AngII-mediated phenotypic switch | (118) |
| Mdivi-1 | High-salt-fed rat | Drp1 inhibition | Inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis | (119) | |
| Mdivi-1 | Rat VSMC | Drp1 inhibition | Inhibition of arterial constriction | (120) | |
| Calhex231 | SHR | Restore of HTN-mediated Drp1 upregulation and Opa1/Mfn2 downregulation | Inhibition of apoptosis | (121) | |
| Pomegranate | SHR | Downregulation of Mfn2 | Suppression of oxidative stress | (131) | |
| PH | Dichlorpacetate | Monocrotaline-treated rat | Drp1 inhibition | Improvement of RV fibrosis and hypertrophy | (175) |
| Trimetazidine | Human PASMC | Downregulation of Drp1 and upregulation of Mfn2 | Inhibition of hypoxia-induced cell proliferation | (176) | |
| Liraglutide | Rat PASMC | Inactivation of Drp1 | Inhibition of cell proliferation | (177) | |
| Senescence | ARB | Human VSMC and ApoE KO mice | Inhibition of p-Drp1 (Ser616) | Attenuation of hyperlipidemia -induced senescence | (151) |
Ref, reference; ARB, Angiotensin II type I receptor inhibitor; MI, myocardial infarct; p-Drp1 (Ser616), phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616; p-Drp1 (Ser637), phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; RIPC, remote ischemic preconditioning; CM, cardiomyopathy; Dox-CM, doxorubicin-associated cardiomyopathy; ATS, Atherosclerosis.