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. 2022 May 27;14(5):896–910. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.896

Table 5.

Scenarios in which different degrees of cross-cultural adaptation are required[25]


Results in a change in
Adaptation required
Culture
Language
Country of use
Translation
Cultural adaptation
Use in same population. No change in culture, language or country - - - - -
Use in established immigrants in source country Yes -- - - Yes
Use in another country, but same language Yes - - - Yes
Use in new immigrants, not source language speaking but in the source country Yes Yes - Yes Yes
Use in another country and another language Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes