1. A low carbohydrate diet does not imply an extreme reduction in carbohydrate and increase in fat intake, and must not be practiced indiscriminately. 2. A low carbohydrate diet should reduce total caloric intake while avoiding an increase in the intake of saturated and trans fatty acids. 3. After considering sustainability and balance between benefits and risks, we decided not to provide a recommendation for very-low carbohydrate diets (VLCD).