Table 3.

Number (no.) of leaves and shoots, total leaf area and dry weight (DW), root to shoot ratio (R/S), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf size, and nodule no. of Shepherdia ×utahensis at eight substrate volumetric water content treatments (θ_t) at the termination of the experiment.

θt (m3·m−3)	Leaf no.	Shoot no.	Leaf area (cm2)	DW (g)z	R/S (g·g−1)y	SLA (cm2·g−1)x	Leaf size (cm2)w	Nodule no.
0.40	390.5 abv	13.1 abc	776.1 ab	25.8 ab	0.48 c	72.1 a	1.97 ab	65.6 ab
0.35	438.5 a	15.7 ab	882.5 a	26.4 a	0.47 c	83.6 a	2.06 a	72.4 a
0.30	434.4 a	20.7 a	987.8 a	30.1 a	0.44 c	76.8 a	2.18 a	35.3 bc
0.25	259.2 bc	9.8 bc	414.3 c	17.8 bc	0.90 ab	68.2 a	1.54 abc	37.0 abc
0.20	274.6 bc	9.1 bc	477.7 bc	17.8 bc	0.74 bc	72.2 a	1.71 abc	18.5 c
0.15	126.6 d	6.0 bc	205.8 c	10.2 c	1.04 ab	66.8 a	1.47 bc	1.4 c
0.10	156.1 cd	7.6 bc	208.3 c	12.0 c	1.15 a	67.7 a	1.37 bc	6.3 c
0.05	115.3 d	5.4 c	109.3 c	8.0 c	1.15 ab	59.7 b	0.97 c	0.0 c
Linear	NSu	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	***
Quadratic	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Cubic	****	****	****	****	****	**	****	****

^zTotal DW was the sum of the DW of stems, leaves, and roots.

^yRoot-to-shoot ratio was calculated using the DW of roots and shoots (leaves and stems).

^xSLA was calculated as the ratio of leaf area to leaf DW.

^wLeaf size of each plant was calculated as the ratio of total leaf area to the leaf no.

^vMeans with same lowercase letters within a column are not significantly different among treatments by Tukey–Kramer method with a significance level specified at 0.05.

NS, **, ***, **** Nonsignificant, significant at p ≤ 0.01, 0.001 or 0.0001, respectively.