Table 3.
NMN partly improves muscle strength and performance.
| Placebo mean ± SD | NMN mean ± SD | P value | Placebo mean ± SD | NMN mean ±S D | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait speed (m/s) P = 0.033a*, P = 0.015b* | Right grip strength (kg) P = 0.259a, P = 0.194b | ||||||
| Baseline |
1.36 ± 0.16 (21) 1.31 ± 0.19 (10) |
1.45 ± 0.17 (21) 1.50 ± 0.20 (10) |
0.106c (21:21) 0.041c* (10:10) |
Baseline |
37.7 ± 6.1 (21) 36.0 ± 7.2 (10) |
39.1 ± 4.7 (21) 40.1 ± 3.3 (10) |
0.686d (21:21) 0.147d (10:10) |
| Week 6 |
1.34 ± 0.18 (21) 1.27 ± 0.18 (10) |
1.47 ± 0.16 (21) 1.54 ± 0.17 (10) |
0.023c* (21:21) 0.004c** (10:10) |
Week 6 |
39.2 ± 5.3 (21) 38.7 ± 6.3 (10) |
40.6 ± 4.0 (21) 41.8 ± 4.7 (10) |
0.348c (21:21) 0.230c (10:10) |
| Week 12 | 1.30 ± 0.22 (10) | 1.60 ± 0.13 (10) | 0.002c** (10:10) | Week 12 | 37.3 ± 5.9 (10) | 41.9 ± 5.6 (10) | 0.090c. (10:10) |
| Change from baseline to week 6 |
−0.02 ± 0.13 (21) −0.04 ± 0.11 (10) |
0.02 ± 0.09 (21) 0.03 ± 0.10 (10) |
0.111e (21:21) 0.030e* (10:10) |
Change from baseline to week 6 |
1.6 ± 3.4 (21) 2.7 ± 3.3 (10) |
1.5 ± 4.0 (21) 1.7 ± 4.6 (10) |
0.669e (21:21) 0.974e (10:10) |
| Change from baseline to week 12 | −0.01 ± 0.10 (10) | 0.09 ± 0.13 (10) | 0.066c (10:10) | Change from baseline to week 12 | 1.3 ± 3.2 (10) | 1.8 ± 4.2 (10) | 0.479e (10:10) |
| A 30-s chair-stand test (counts/30 s) P = 0.509a, P = 0.309b | Left grip strength (kg) P = 0.019b* | ||||||
| Baseline |
14.0 ± 4.2 (21) 13.5 ± 5.2 (10) |
13.9 ± 3.9 (21) 14.8 ± 4.0 (10) |
0.909c (21:21) 0.539c (10:10) |
Baseline |
34.6 ± 4.9 (21) 34.8 ± 4.8 (10) |
35.1 ± 4.5 (21) 36.1 ± 5.7 (10) |
0.970d (21:21) 0.587c (10:10) |
| Week 6 |
13.6 ± 4.4 (21) 13.7 ± 5.0 (10) |
15.1 ± 4.2 (21) 16.1 ± 4.6 (10) |
0.261c (21:21) 0.278c (10:10) |
Week 6 |
34.7 ± 5.0 (21) 35.5 ± 5.0 (10) |
36.6 ± 5.4 (21) 37.0 ± 6.2 (10) |
0.207d (21:21) 0.402d (10:10) |
| Week 12 | 14.0 ± 5.2 (10) | 16.3 ± 3.6 (10) | 0.267c (10:10) | Week 12 | 34.1 ± 4.6 (10) | 37.4 ± 5.8 (10) | 0.177c (10:10) |
| Change from baseline to week 6 |
−0.5 ± 2.6 (21) 0.2 ± 2.3 (10) |
1.2 ± 2.1 (21) 1.3 ± 1.6 (10) |
0.031e* (21:21) 0.214e (10:10) |
Change from baseline to week 6 |
0.1 ± 3.4 (21) 0.7 ± 1.7 (10) |
1.5 ± 4.3 (21) 0.9 ± 4.5 (10) |
0.204e (21:21) 0.815e (10:10) |
| Change from baseline to week 12 | 0.5 ± 3.7 (10) | 1.5 ± 1.7 (10) | 0.311e (10:10) | Change from baseline to week 12 | −0.7 ± 2.5 (10) | 1.3 ± 2.7 (10) | 0.082e. (10:10) |
The numbers in the parentheses indicate the respective sample sizes.
aTreatments were compared using a mixed-model analysis. The P value denotes interaction.
bTreatments were compared using MMRM. The P value denotes interaction.
cInter-group comparisons were performed using an unpaired t test (no adjustment for baseline).
dInter-group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test (no adjustment for baseline).
eInter-group comparisons were performed using ANCOVA for adjusting the baseline.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.