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. 2022 Jun 1;51(1):83–90. doi: 10.1007/s15010-022-01830-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Distribution of anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibody ratios between different groups. a Violin plot showing the distribution of anti-spike-IgG signal ratios between individuals from a random sample (= control, N = 454) and individuals with PCR-proven prior infection (N = 217). b Shows the effect of vaccination status on the distribution of anti-spike-IgG signal ratios between groups. The groups are comprised of unvaccinated individuals in the control group (N = 145), unvaccinated individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 48), vaccinated individuals in the control group (N = 298) and vaccinated individuals with prior infection (N = 163). c Information on the type of vaccination was available from 387 individuals from both groups. The anti-spike-IgG antibody response regarding vaccination with either viral vector vaccines, mRNA vaccines or after heterologous vaccination (viral vector vaccine followed by mRNA vaccine) is shown. The dotted lines represent the signal ratio cutoff of 1.1. A Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis in a and b. Kruskal–Wallis test was used in c. P values less than 0.001 are summarized with three asterisks, and P values less than 0.0001 are summarized with four asterisks. ns not significant