Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and medications of the study population.
| Variables | Total (n = 218) | CS survivors (n = 113) | CS nonsurvivors (n = 105) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.5 (63, 78) | 66 (59, 75) | 75 (69, 81) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 142 (65.1%) | 81 (71.7%) | 61 (58.1%) | 0.04 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 3.0 | 23.6 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 0.02 |
| Hypertension (%) | 109 (50%) | 57 (50.4%) | 52 (49.5%) | 0.89 |
| Diabetes (%) | 73 (33.5%) | 35 (31.0%) | 38 (36.2%) | 0.42 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 15 (6.9%) | 8 (7.1%) | 7 (6.7%) | 0.90 |
| Smoking (%) | 115 (52.8%) | 73 (64.6%) | 42 (40.0%) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke (%) | 15 (6.9%) | 5 (4.4%) | 10 (9.5%) | 0.14 |
| History of AF (%) | 13 (6.0%) | 6 (5.3%) | 7 (6.7%) | 0.67 |
| Prior MI (%) | 12 (5.5%) | 3 (2.7%) | 9 (8.6%) | 0.06 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 85 (78, 93) | 87 (79, 99) | 85 (78, 90) | 0.02 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 56 (50, 63) | 57 (51, 64) | 55 (48.5, 60.5) | 0.17 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 87.6 ± 28.1 | 84.1 ± 27.8 | 91.4 ± 28.0 | 0.06 |
| MI localization (%) | ||||
| Anterior | 80 (36.7%) | 39 (34.5%) | 41 (39.0%) | 0.49 |
| Inferior | 94 (43.1%) | 53 (46.9%) | 41 (39.0%) | 0.24 |
| Lateral | 18 (8.3%) | 7 (6.2%) | 11 (10.5%) | 0.25 |
| Right ventricle | 27 (12.4%) | 18 (15.9%) | 9 (8.6%) | 0.10 |
| Medications (%) | ||||
| Aspirin | 201 (92.2%) | 106 (93.8%) | 95 (90.5%) | 0.36 |
| Clopidogrel | 114 (52.3%) | 61 (54.0%) | 53 (50.5%) | 0.61 |
| Ticagrelor | 115 (52.8%) | 68 (60.2%) | 47 (44.8%) | 0.02 |
| Statins | 201 (92.2%) | 111 (98.2%) | 90 (85.7%) | 0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 74 (33.9%) | 53 (46.9%) | 21 (20.0%) | <0.001 |
| β-blocker | 123 (56.4%) | 77 (68.1%) | 46 (43.8%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 119 (54.6%) | 61 (54.0%) | 58 (55.2%) | 0.85 |
| Dopamine | 106 (48.6%) | 45 (39.8%) | 61 (58.1%) | 0.007 |
| Norepinephrine | 30 (13.8%) | 8 (7.1%) | 22 (21.0%) | 0.003 |
| Nitrates | 63 (28.9%) | 34 (30.1%) | 29 (27.6%) | 0.69 |
| Digitalis | 28 (12.8%) | 14 (12.4%) | 14 (13.3%) | 0.84 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or number (percentage). CS: cardiogenic shock, BMI: body mass index, AF: atrial fibrillation, MI: myocardial infarction, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, and ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.