Table 2.
Physical activity and dietary intake of study participants at baseline and after intervention.
| Sesame oil (n = 27) | Sunflower oil (n = 26) | P value∗∗ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Status | Mean ± std. deviation | Mean ± std. deviation | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | Before | 2166.82 ± 576.94 | 2258.53 ± 529.81 | 0.423 |
| After | 1590.83 ± 261.87 | 1702.95 ± 322.94 | 0.294 | |
| P value∗ | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
|
| ||||
| Physical activity (MET hour/day) | Before | 33.55 ± 3.65 | 33.22 ± 3.54 | 0.734 |
| After | 33.58 ± 3.57 | 33.42 ± 2.90 | 0.858 | |
| P value∗ | 0.883 | 0.562 | ||
|
| ||||
| Protein (g/day) | Before | 78.30 ± 17.31 | 80.69 ± 25.09 | 0.687 |
| After | 70.48 ± 13.02 | 69.63 ± 11.43 | 0.803 | |
| P value∗ | 0.035 | 0.028 | ||
|
| ||||
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | Before | 290.75 ± 115.57 | 307.33 ± 95.64 | 0.311 |
| After | 207.01 ± 44.40 | 226.85 ± 50.41 | 0.160 | |
| P value∗ | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||
|
| ||||
| Fat (g/day) | Before | 81.68 ± 15.97 | 88.80 ± 16.20 | 0.070 |
| After | 57.47 ± 7.37 | 61.55 ± 12.59 | 0.393 | |
| P value∗ | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
|
| ||||
| SFAs (g/day) | Before | 24.36 ± 8.06 | 26.10 ± 7.28 | 0.286 |
| After | 15.25 ± 3.39 | 15.38 ± 4.45 | 0.709 | |
| P value∗ | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
|
| ||||
| MUFAs (g/day) | Before | 24.83 ± 4.57 | 26.19 ± 4.46 | 0.122 |
| After | 19.65 ± 2.33 | 18.85 ± 3.49 | 0.041 | |
| P value∗ | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
|
| ||||
| PUFAs (g/day) | Before | 27.07 ± 5.29 | 28.99 ± 6.55 | 0.247 |
| After | 19.81 ± 2.57 | 23.84 ± 5.87 | <0.001 | |
| P value∗ | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
|
| ||||
| Fiber (g/day) | Before | 7.74 ± 3.23 | 8.10 ± 2.93 | 0.569 |
| After | 6.63 ± 1.98 | 6.87 ± 1.45 | 0.615 | |
| P value∗ | 0.077 | 0.066 | ||
|
| ||||
| Beta-carotene (μg/d) | Before | 987.77 ± 2199.16 | 1012.47 ± 1208.32 | 0.233 |
| After | 634.86 ± 857.30 | 934.50 ± 987.35 | 0.075 | |
| P value∗ | 0.701 | 0.657 | ||
|
| ||||
| Vitamin E (mg/day) | Before | 2.63 ± 1.60 | 3.64 ± 2.25 | 0.089 |
| After | 11.34 ± 1.14 | 2.65 ± 1.06 | <0.001 | |
| P value∗ | <0.001 | 0.038 | ||
|
| ||||
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | Before | 85.96 ± 45.06 | 112.10 ± 113.81 | 0.817 |
| After | 68.68 ± 35.34 | 105.34 ± 74.29 | 0.311 | |
| P value∗ | 0.097 | 0.909 | ||
|
| ||||
| Selenium (mg/day) | Before | 0.003 ± 0.008 | 0.003 ± 0.007 | 0.765 |
| After | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.001 ± 0.003 | 0.484 | |
| P value∗ | 0.173 | 0.645 | ||
|
| ||||
| Zinc (mg/day) | Before | 10.25 ± 3.05 | 10.48 ± 3.49 | 0.986 |
| After | 8.69 ± 1.85 | 8.44 ± 1.86 | 0.466 | |
| P value∗ | 0.019 | 0.034 | ||
Intragroup analysis: P value∗ reported based on paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test. Between-group comparison: P value∗∗ reported based on independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney test. SFAs: saturated fatty acids; PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids; MUFAs: monounsaturated fatty acids; MET: metabolic equivalent.