Table 4.
Summary characteristics of all patients with vascular injury
| Patient | Age | Sex | Mechanism | GCS | Presumed site of entry | Vessel(s) injured | Injury type | Time to vascular imaging (days) | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | M | GSW | 15 | Frontobasal | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Medical | Favorable |
| 2 | 34 | M | GSW | 3T | Parieto-occipital | 1. L ICA (intradural) 2. R ICA (intradural) |
1. Transection 2. Transection |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 3 | 17 | M | GSW | 7T | Frontobasal | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 4 | 21 | M | GSW | 15 | Parieto-occipital | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Favorable |
| 5 | 46 | M | GSW | 10 | Frontobasal | L VA | Dissection | 0 | Medical | Favorable |
| 6 | 20 | M | GSW | 3T | Frontobasal | 1. R ACA 2. L VA |
1. Intimal injury 2. Intimal injury |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 7 | 17 | M | GSW | 3T | Frontobasal | 1. L VA 1. L Sigmoid Sinus |
1. Occlusion 2. Occlusion |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 8 | 24 | M | GSW | 4T | Parieto-occipital | 1. R ACA 2. L ACA 3. SSS |
1. Transection 2. Transection 3. Occlusion |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 9 | 45 | M | GSW | 4T | Frontobasal | L MCA | Transection | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 10 | 20 | M | GSW | 11 | Frontobasal | SSS | Impingement | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 11 | 19 | M | GSW | 8T | Temporal | 1. L ICA (skull base) 2. L ICA (skull base) 3. L Transverse Sinus 4. L Sigmoid Sinus |
1. Dissection 2. Pseudoaneurysm 3. Occlusion 4. Occlusion |
0 | Endovascular | Favorable |
| 12 | 20 | M | GSW | 4T | Frontobasal | 1. L ACA 2. R ACA |
1. Pseudoaneurysm 2. Pseudoaneurysm |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 13 | 24 | M | GSW | 5T | Parieto-occipital | L VA | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 14 | 31 | F | GSW | 15 | Temporal | 1. L Transverse Sinus 2. L Sigmoid Sinus |
1. Impingement 2. Impingement |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 15 | 33 | F | GSW | 3T | Temporal | 1. L ACA 2. R ACA |
1. Pseudoaneurysm 2. Pseudoaneurysm |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 16 | 18 | M | GSW | 5T | Parieto-occipital | L MCA | Pseudoaneurysm | 0 | Surgical | Unfavorable |
| 17 | 32 | M | GSW | 4T | Parieto-occipital | R ACA | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 18 | 40 | M | GSW | 15 | Frontobasal | R MCA | Pseudoaneurysm | 0 | Endovascular | Favorable |
| 19 | 35 | M | GSW | 3T | Frontobasal | SSS | Occlusion | 2 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 20 | 29 | M | GSW | 5T | Frontobasal | 1. R MCA 2. L ACA |
1. Pseudoaneurysm 2. Occlusion |
1 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 21 | 23 | M | GSW | 6T | Frontobasal | 1. R MCA 2. SSS |
1. Occlusion 2. Transection |
0 | Observation | Favorable |
| 22 | 51 | M | GSW | 10 | Frontobasal | L VA | Dissection | 7 | Medical | Favorable |
| 23 | 29 | M | GSW | 3T | Frontobasal | R ICA (skull base) | Intimal injury | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 24 | 30 | M | GSW | 3T | Frontobasal | 1. L MCA 2. L PCA 3. L PCOM |
1. Transection 2. Occlusion 3. Occlusion |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 25 | 37 | M | GSW | 14 | Frontobasal | SSS | Occlusion | 1 | Observation | Favorable |
| 26 | 44 | M | Stab wound | 3T | Frontobasal | L MCA | Pseudoaneurysm | 1 | Endovascular | Unfavorable |
| 27 | 48 | M | GSW | 15 | Frontobasal | SSS | Impingement | 2 | Observation | Favorable |
| 28 | 30 | M | GSW | 4T | Parieto-occipital | L VA | Intimal injury | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 29 | 22 | M | GSW | 15 | Parieto-occipital | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Favorable |
| 30 | 30 | F | GSW | 4T | Parieto-occipital | R VA | Dissection | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 31 | 22 | M | GSW | 10T | Parieto-occipital | L Transverse Sinus | Transection | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 32 | 23 | F | GSW | 7T | Frontobasal | R ICA (skull base) | CCF | 1 | Endovascular | Unfavorable |
| 33 | 18 | F | GSW | 3T | Parieto-occipital | 1. R MCA 2. R PCA |
1. Transection 2. Occlusion |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 34 | 48 | F | GSW | 9T | Frontobasal | SSS | Impingement | 0 | Observation | Favorable |
| 35 | 44 | M | GSW | 3T | Temporal | 1. R ICA 2. L ICA 3. SSS |
1. Pseudoaneurysm 2. Pseudoaneurysm 3. Occlusion |
0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 36 | 19 | M | GSW | 6T | Frontobasal | 1. L MCA 2. L ACA 3. L Transverse Sinus |
1. Dissection 2. Dissection 3. Occlusion |
0 | Observation | Favorable |
| 37 | 20 | M | GSW | 4T | Parieto-occipital | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 38 | 21 | M | GSW | 4T | Temporal | R ICA | Transection | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
| 39 | 21 | M | GSW | 15 | Parieto-occipital | SSS | Impingement | 0 | Observation | Favorable |
| 40 | 21 | F | GSW | 15 | Parieto-occipital | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Medical | Favorable |
| 41 | 42 | M | GSW | 3T | Frontobasal | SSS | Occlusion | 0 | Observation | Unfavorable |
GSW = gunshot wound; SSS = superior sagittal sinus; ICA = internal carotid artery; VA = vertebral artery; ACA = anterior cerebral artery; MCA = middle cerebral artery; PCA = posterior cerebral artery; PCOM = posterior communicating artery; CCF = carotid-cavernous fistula