Table 2.
Liquid Biopsy in Gliomas of the Adult: Studies on ctDNA and CSF
| Reference | Histology | CSF Collection | Method | Molecular alterations examined | Sensitivity | Type of comparison | Suggested clinical application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. 2010 | 43GBM AA 18 3 AO 3 AOA |
LP Blood in parallel |
Methylation based PCR | MGMT, p16INK4a,TIMP3, THBS1 (promoter hypermethylation) |
62–89% | with 20 healthy controls | Prognosis |
| De Mattos-Arruda et al. 2015 | 4 GBM | LP | ddPCR | IDH1,TP53,PTEN, EGFR, FGFR2, ERBB2 | / | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis Prognosis Monitoring |
| Wang et al. 2015 | 19 high grade 10 low grade |
Intraoperative | PCR | TP53, IDH1,TERT, MF2, PINKR1, PTCH1, PTEN | 18/19 (95%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis |
| Pentsova et al. 2016 | 4 GBM 3 AO 3 AA 1 BSG 1 AE |
LP | NGS | 300 + genes | 6/12 (50%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis Monitoring |
| Juratli et al. 2018 | 38 GBM | Intraoperative | ddPCR | TERTp, | 35/38 (92%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis Prognosis |
| Martínez-Ricarte et al. 2018 | 10 GBM 2 AA 1 A 4 O 2 DMG |
LP (85%) | ddPCR | IDH1, IDH2, TP53, TERT, ATRX, H3F3A, HIST1H3B | 17/20 (85%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis |
| Mouliere et al. 2018 | 13 GBM, A, O, AO | LP | NGS | EGFR | 5/13 (39%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis |
| Miller et al. 2019 | 46 GBM 6 grade III 13 grade II |
LP | NGS | IDH 1-2, TP53, EGFR, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, TERT | 42/85 (49%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis Prognosis Monitoring |
| Zhao et al. 2020 | 4 GBM 3 AO 4 AA 6 A |
Intraoperative | NGS | PTEN, TP53, IDH, EGFR, RB1 | 14/17 (82%) | with tumor tissue | Diagnosis |
GBM: glioblastoma; AA: anaplastic astrocytoma; AO: anaplastic oligodendroglioma; A: astrocytoma; O: oligodendroglioma; BSG: brain stem glioma; AE: anaplastic ependymoma; LP: lumbar puncture.