Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Sample, Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study
| Overall | Developed CHD | Did Not Develop CHD | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 70.2 (3.9) | 70.3 (3.7) | 70.0 (4.0) | .27 |
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | ||||
| White | 518 (89.6) | 267 (89.3) | 251 (90.0) | .84 |
| African American | 43 (7.4) | 22 (7.4) | 21 (7.5) | |
| Hispanic | 17 (2.9) | 10 (3.3) | 7 (2.5) | |
| Educational level*, no. (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 43 (7.5) | 25 (8.4) | 18 (6.5) | .14 |
| High school | 129 (22.4) | 62 (20.8) | 67 (24.2) | |
| Some college | 233 (40.5) | 132 (44.3) | 101 (36.5) | |
| College graduate | 170 (29.6) | 79 (26.5) | 91 (32.9) | |
| Smoking status†, no. (%) | ||||
| Never smoker | 314 (55.2) | 155 (52.5) | 159 (58.0) | .41 |
| Past smoker | 218 (38.3) | 119 (40.3) | 99 (36.1) | |
| Current smoker | 37 (6.5) | 21 (7.1) | 16 (5.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption‡, no. (%) | ||||
| Nondrinker | 82 (14.3) | 34 (11.5) | 48 (17.3) | .002 |
| Past drinker | 96 (16.7) | 64 (21.6) | 32 (11.6) | |
| Current drinker | 396 (69.0) | 199 (67.0) | 197 (71.1) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.6 (5.5) | 28.9 (5.4) | 28.2 (5.7) | .11 |
| Diabetes§, no. (%) | 43 (7.5) | 35 (11.7) | 8 (2.9) | <.001 |
| Hypertension‖, no. (%) | 323 (56.0) | 200 (66.9) | 123 (44.2) | <.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 154.9 (38.3) | 157.1 (38.0) | 152.5 (38.6) | .16 |
| IEAA, mean (SD) | −0.04 (5.27) | 0.01 (5.47) | −0.10 (5.05) | .80 |
| EEAA, mean (SD) | 0.15 (6.73) | 0.52 (6.87) | −0.24 (6.56) | .18 |
| AgeAccelGrim, mean (SD) | −0.28 (3.58) | −0.03 (3.55) | −0.54 (3.60) | .09 |
| AgeAccelPheno, mean (SD) | −0.12 (7.01) | 0.20 (7.37) | −0.47 (6.59) | .25 |
Notes: AgeAccelGrim = epigenetic age acceleration according to GrimAge clock; AgeAccelPheno = epigenetic age acceleration according to PhenoAge clock; CHD = coronary heart disease; EEAA = extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration; IEAA = intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration; LDL = low density lipoprotein; SD = standard deviation. N for overall sample = 578; N for developed CHD = 299; N for did not develop CHD = 279.
*Out of 575 women (298 with CHD; 277 without CHD).
†Out of 569 women (295 with CHD; 274 without CHD).
‡Out of 574 women (297 with CHD; 277 without CHD).
§Out of 575 women (299 with CHD; 276 without CHD).
‖Out of 577 women (299 with CHD; 278 without CHD).