Table 5.

Additional details regarding electromyography (EMG) protocols used in selected studies.

Author, year	Intervention	EMG protocol	Equipment	Consistencies
Alfonsi et al. (2017)	Botox	Three-channel recording: (a) suprahyoid/submental muscles (sEMG), (b) cricopharyngeus muscle (needle EMG), and (c) piezoelectric transducer signal collected on neck surface over cricothyroid membrane. Water (3 ml) administered via syringe and swallowed.
Athukorala et al. (2014)	Skill training therapy	Submental sEMG. Five saliva and five 10-mL water swallows with task types randomized within and between participants. Instructions to, “Hold the water/ saliva in your mouth and when you hear the go signal, swallow as quickly as possible.” Average premotor time, preswallow time, duration of submental muscle contraction calculated for each task, at each session, per participant.	KayPENTAX Digital Swallowing Workstation
Stegemöller et al. (2017)	Singing	Right and left submental and laryngeal sEMG. Amplitude and timing measures. Three swallows each for thin and thick stimuli. EMG amplitudes were not normalized.	Delsys Trigno EMG sensors, The Motion Monitor soft-ware (Innovative Sports Training, Inc.)	Thin: 10 ml of water; Thick: 10 ml of pudding
Tawadros et al. (2012)	Levodopa	Data collected in morning in off-levodopa state and repeated 1 hr after self-administration of regular morning medication. Submental sEMG was filtered and laryngeal accelerometry signals collected. Baseline measurements made during rest. A 9-s postswallow clearing phase also measured. EMG parameters included peak amplitude, burst area and duration, and rise time and fall time. Time between onset of submental and laryngeal burst was also collected. Duration and peak amplitude of accelerometry signals calculated.	2g piezo-electric accelerometer (IC Sensors model 3145), GrassTM 15LT Astro-Med, Inc, National Instruments™ BNC-2120, LabVIEW 7	Six water boluses (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ml). Three repetitions of each. A subset of participants also drank a 100-ml “stress test” bolus.

EMG = electromyography; sEMG = surface electromyography; N/A = not applicable.