Table 1:
Patient characteristics and outcomes from temporal validation cohort (n=16 917)
| Alcohol misuse only (n=466) | Opioid misuse only (n=341) | Non-opioid misuse only (n=104) | Polysubstance misuse (n=112) | No misuse (n=15 894) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 48·0 (38·3–57·8) | 52·0 (38·0–60·0) | 53·0 (36·8–59·0) | 38·0 (32·0–53·0) | 59·0 (39·0–70·0) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 324 (69·5%) | 228 (66·9%) | 70 (67·3%) | 86 (76·8%) | 6265 (39·4%) |
| Female | 142 (30·5%) | 113 (33·1%), | 34 (32·7%) | 26 (23·2%) | 9629 (60·6%) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 185 (39·7%) | 115 (33·7%) | 19 (18·3%) | 34 (30·4%) | 5803 (36·5%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 155 (33·3%) | 183 (53·7%) | 65 (62·5%) | 42 (37·5%) | 5745 (36·1%) |
| Hispanic | 99 (21·2%) | 22 (6·5%) | 15 (14·4%) | 23 (20·5%) | 3170 (19·9%) |
| Mixed* | 27 (5·8%) | 21 (6·2%) | 5 (4·8%) | 13 (11·6%) | 1176 (7·3%) |
| AUDIT score | 22·5 (14·0–29·0; n=466) | 1·0 (0·0–2·3; n=44) | 3·0 (1·0–4·0; n=20) | 23·5 (16·0–31·0; n=112) | 2·0 (1·0–4·0; n=598) |
| DAST score | 1·0 (0·75–2·0; n=71) | 7·0 (5·0–8·0; n=341) | 4·0 (2·0–5·0; n=104) | 6·0 (4·0–8·0; n=112) | 1·0 (0·0–1·0; n=416) |
| Insurance | |||||
| Medicare | 255 (54·7%) | 232 (68·0%) | 20 (19·2%) | 8 (7·1%) | 5553 (34·9%) |
| Medicaid | 63 (13·5%) | 41 (12·0%) | 63 (60·6%) | 72 (64·3%) | 5720 (35·9%) |
| Private | 99 (21·2%) | 52 (15·2%) | 16 (15·4%) | 26 (23·2%) | 4084 (25·7%) |
| Other | 49 (10·5%) | 16 (4·7%) | 5 (4·8%) | 6 (5·4%) | 537 (3·4%) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 243 (52·1%) | 167 (48·9%) | 65 (62·5%) | 39 (34·8%) | 9545 (60·1%) |
| Renal failure | 30 (6·4%) | 56 (16·4%) | 19 (18·3%) | 4 (3·6%) | 3571 (22·5%) |
| Neurologic | 104 (22·3%) | 53 (15·5%) | 14 (13·5%) | 14 (12·5%) | 2569 (16·2%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 39 (8·4%) | 64 (18·8%) | 28 (26·9%) | 6 (5·4%) | 2883 (18·1%) |
| Diabetes | 83 (17·8%) | 60 (17·6%) | 30 (28·8%) | 16 (14·3%) | 4767 (29·9%) |
| Liver disease | 168 (36·1%) | 43 (12·6%) | 8 (7·7%) | 12 (10·7%) | 1258 (7·9%) |
| Chronic lung disease | 75 (16·1%) | 132 (38·7%) | 40 (38·5%) | 22 (19·6%) | 3431 (21·6%) |
| Psychiatric disorders | 80 (17·2%) | 65 (19·1%) | 44 (42·3%) | 45 (40·2%) | 904 (5·7%) |
| Depression | 153 (32·8%) | 93 (27·3%) | 27 (25·9%) | 45 (40·2%) | 2680 (16·9%) |
| Alcohol misuse | 387 (83·0%) | 25 (7·3%) | 27 (25·9%) | 91 (81·3%) | 399 (2·5%) |
| Drug misuse | 66 (14·2%) | 326 (95·6%) | 79 (75·9%) | 85 (75·9%) | 467 (2·9%) |
| AIDS | 7 (1·5%) | 13 (3·8%) | 4 (3·8%) | 0 | 103 (<1%) |
| Disposition | |||||
| Home | 336 (72·1%) | 195 (57·2%) | 67 (64·4%) | 85 (75·9%) | 9549 (60·1%) |
| Death | 2 (<1%) | 5 (1·5%) | 0 | 0 | 190 (1·2%) |
| Long-term residential care or short-term post-acute care | 43 (9·2%) | 47 (13·8%) | 14 (13·4%) | 10 (8·9%) | 129 (<1%) |
| Against medical advice | 17 (3·6%) | 36 (10·6%) | 1 (<1%) | 4 (3·6%) | 1417 (8·9%) |
| Other | 68 (14·6%) | 47 (13·8%) | 22 (21·2%) | 13 (11·6%) | 4609 (28·9%) |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). Comparisons across all variables were significant with p values <0·01. Polysubstance misuse can include patients with alcohol, or opioid misuse, or non-opioid drug misuse, or any combination of the three.
*
Mixed=Asian, Native American or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, other, or refused to answer or answer unknown.