| We surveyed 2937 young adults (ages 18–26 years), from October 2020 – April 2021, and gathered data on demographics, vaccination attitudes, and COVID-19 attitudes. |
| Young adults living in rural areas had 40% less odds of intending to receive a COVID-19 vaccination, compared with urban young adults, a significant difference. |
| Vaccination intent between rural and urban young adults diverged and widened from December 2020 to April 2021, whereas prior (October to December 2020), intent had been narrowing. |
| Even if a health care provider recommended the COVID-19 vaccine, rural young adults indicated that they would be unlikely to receive it at significantly higher frequencies, compared with urban young adults (24% vs 7%, P < 0.001). |
| Being a current student partially mediated the association between rurality and COVID-19 vaccination intent, suggesting differences in information sources and access, highlighting modifiable factors for future interventions. |