Table 4.

In vitro activities of T. algeriensis extracts.

Extract	Activity	Used method	Country	Effects	Ref
Aerial part
PE, CHCl3, and n–BuOH	Antihemolytic	Erythrocyte osmotic fragility	Algeria	IC50 (μg/mL) = 19.51 ± 0.17 (PE), 443.25 ± 0.52 (CHCl3), 322.85 ± 0.87 (n–BuOH)	[44]
	Anti-inflammatory	Egg albumin denaturation		%inhibition = 30.26 (PE), 45.27 (CHCl3), 26.03 (n–BuOH)
EA & MeOH	Anticorrosive	Gravimetric and electrochemical	Morocco	%inhibition = 87% (MeOH) IC50 (μg/mL) = 59.85 ± 1.98	[148]
EO	Antitumor and cytotoxic	Sulforhodamine B	Libya	GI50 (μg/mL) = 62.12–64.79	[73]
		Hepatotoxicity evaluation		None of the EO showed toxicity at tested concentrations (>400 g/mL) for porcine liver primary cell culture
EO	Anti-inflammatory	5–Lipoxygenase	Algeria	IC50 (μg/mL) = 0.083 ± 0.005	[62]
EO	Leishmanicidal	MTT assay	Tunisia	L.infantum IC50 (μg/mL) = 0.25	[49]
				L.major IC50 (μg/mL) = 0.43
	Cytotoxic			IC80 (μg/mL) = 0.67 (murine macrophages RAW264.7)
EO	ACE inhibition	Spectrophotometry	Tunisia	IC50 (μg/mL) = 150	[29]
EO	Anticorrosive	Weight loss measurement	Morocco	Inhibited the corrosion rate (CR) of mild steel at all concentrations (CR = 0.012 (EO) versus 1.23 mg/cm2 h (blank) at 313 K)	[137]
		Potentiodynamic polarization		Acted as mixed-type inhibitor
		Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy		Inhibition efficiency (ERT (%)) = 46–93
Leaves
EO	Phytotoxic	In vitro seed germination inhibition (allelopathic effect)	Tunisia	100% inhibition of M. sativa at 1 mg/mL (dose-dependent effect)	[28]
	Insecticidal	Fumigant bioassay against Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.		LC50 (μL/L air) (LLD–ULD) = 41.75–131 LC90 (μL/L air) (LLD–ULD) = 53.25–189.25
EO	Cytotoxic	Mitochondrial-dependent reduction of yellow	Algeria	LC50 (μg/mL) = 39.8, LC90 (μg/mL) = 59.6 (cytotoxic on HCT116 cell line)	[42]
				LC50 and LC90 (μg/mL) > 100 (limited activity against the HePG2 cell line)
MeOH	COX inhibition	EIA	Algeria	IC50 (μM) = 12.4 ± 0.49 (COX–1), 0.05 ± 0.01 (COX–2)	[22]
	LOX inhibition	Lipoxygenase inhibitor screening		IC50 (μM) = 2.70 ± 0.23
MeOH	Cytotoxic	MTT	Algeria	Biocompatible on both the immortalized tested cell lines HaCaT and BALB/c-3T3 and slightly toxic on A431 and SVT2 cancer cells at high concentrations (100 μg/mL)	[47]
MeOH	Silver nanoparticle biosynthesis	Dropwise addition of the plant extract to the silver nitrate solution	Algeria	The extract acts as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent Extract at 10% induced a consistent increase in the intensity of the surface plasmon peak absorbance for AgNPs	[71]
EtOH and EO	Anticancer	MTT	Algeria	LC50 (μg/mL) ≥ 10,000 (EtOH), 300 ± 13–1067 ± 96 (EO)	[23]
MeOH	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition	Spectrophotometry	Tunisia	%inhibition = 94.5%	[21]
Flowers & leaves
MeOH & H2O	Cytotoxic	MTT	Tunisia	CC50 (μg/mL) = 508 ± 45.32–516.81 ± 47.42 (H2O), 520.12 ± 32.56–528.05 ± 31.37 (MeOH)	[19]
EO	Cytotoxic	MTT	Tunisia	CC50 (μg/mL) = 725.92 ± 195.25 (L), 733.53 ± 141.96 (F)	[69]
EO	Anticancer	MTT	Morocco	Ta1 is more cytotoxic (100% lysis) than Tb2 (60% lysis) against P815 tumor cell line	[93]
	PBMC			Increased viability by 200%

ACE: angiotensin I-converting enzyme; CC: half maximal cytotoxic concentration; COX: cyclooxygenase; EIA: enzyme immunoassay; IC₅₀: half maximal inhibitory concentration; IC₈₀: concentration resulting in 80% inhibition; LC₅₀: half maximal lethal concentration; LC₉₀: concentration resulting in 90% lethality; LOX: lipoxygenase; MTT: methyl tetrazolium test; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells.