Table 5.
Antibacterial activities of T. algeriensis extracts.
| Extract | Tested strains | Key results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aerial part | |||
| MeOH–H2O | S. aureus ATCC 29213 | Resistant to all the extracts | [44] |
| E. faecalis ATCC 29212 | MIC (μg/mL) = 6.25 (n–BuOH) MIC (μg/mL) = 12.5 (PE & CHCl3) |
||
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | MIC (μg/mL) = 25 (PE, CHCl3 & n–BuOH) | ||
| P. aeruginosa DMS 1117 | Resistant to all the extracts | ||
| EO | E. coli SB3 | MBC (mg/mL) = 25, MIC (mg/mL) = 12.5 | [150] |
| K. pneumoniae SB4 | MBC (mg/mL) = 25, MIC (mg/mL) = 12.5 | ||
| K. pneumoniae SB5 | MBC (mg/mL) = 25, MIC (mg/mL) = 3.12 | ||
| K. pneumoniae SB6 | MBC (mg/mL) = 25, MIC (mg/mL) = 1.56 | ||
| EO | M. luteus ATCC 9314 | IZ (mm) = 18.0 ± 0.6 | [42] |
| S. aureus ATCC 43,300 | IZ (mm) = 18.0 ± 0.7 | ||
| E. coli | IZ (mm) = 13.0 ± 0.9 | ||
| EO | S. aureus | MIC (μg/mL) ≤ 0.5 | [75] |
| L. monocytogenes (EGD-e) | MIC (μg/mL) ≤ 0.5 | ||
| L. monocytogenes (4b) | MIC (μg/mL) ≤ 0.5 | ||
| E. faecalis | MIC (μg/mL) ≤ 0.5 | ||
| S. Enteritidis | MIC (μg/mL) = 1.0 | ||
| E. coli O157:H7 | MIC (μg/mL) = 1.0 | ||
| P. aeruginosa | MIC (μg/mL) = 1.0 | ||
| EO | L. monocytogenes (ATCC 19118) | MIC (%) = 0.025, MBC (%) = 0.05 | [68] |
| S. aureus (ATCC 25923) | MIC (%) = 0.020, MBC (%) = 0.05 | ||
| E. coli (ATCC 25922) | MIC (%) = 0.025, MBC (%) = 0.05 | ||
| P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | MIC (%) = 0.025, MBC (%) = 0.05 | ||
| S. typhimurium (ATCC 1402) | MIC (%) = 0.025, MBC (%) = 0.05 | ||
| MeOH–H2O | B. cereus (ATCC10876) | MIC (mg/mL) = 2.34 | [24] |
| M. luteus (NRLL B-4375) | MIC (mg/mL) = 7.03 | ||
| P. mirabilis (ATCC35659) | MIC (mg/mL) = 4.68 | ||
| E. coli (ATCC25922) | MIC (mg/mL) = 9.37 | ||
| S. typhimurium (ATCC13311) | MIC (mg/mL) = 7.06 | ||
| n–BuOH | E. coli (ATCC25922) | IZ (mm) = 7 | [17] |
| P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853) | IZ (mm) = 6.5 ± 0.7 | ||
| S. aureus (ATCC25923) | IZ (mm) = 8 | ||
| E. faecalis (ATCC29212) | IZ (mm) = 7 | ||
| EtOH & EO | S. epidermidis ATCC12228 | MIC (μg/mL) = 128 (EtOH), 32 (EO) | [23] |
| S. aureus ATCC25923 | MIC (μg/mL) = 128 (EtOH), 32 (EO) | ||
| B. subtilis ATCC11562 | MIC (μg/mL) = 64 (EtOH), 32 (EO) | ||
| E. coli ATCC29425 | MIC (μg/mL) = 256 (EtOH), 64 (EO) | ||
| P. aeruginosa ATCC15442 | MIC (μg/mL) = 512 (EtOH), 512 (EO) | ||
| K. pneumoniae ATCC43816 | MIC (μg/mL) = 256 (EtOH), 256 (EO) | ||
| H2O & EO | P. aeruginosa | IZ (mm) = 19–55 (H2O) | [14] |
| E. coli | IZ (mm) = 35–44 (EO) | ||
| S. aureus | IZ (mm) = 44–55 (EO) | ||
| E. aerogenes | IZ (mm) = 19–34 (EO) | ||
| MeOH & EtOH | E. coli ATCC 25922 | IZ (mm) = 13 (MeOH), 10 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 220 (MeOH), 270 (EtOH) | [70] |
| K. pneumonia ATCC 4352 | IZ (mm) = 0 (MeOH), 0 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 0 (MeOH), 0 (EtOH) | ||
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | IZ (mm) = 16.5 (MeOH), 14 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 185 (MeOH), 150 (EtOH) | ||
| S. typhimurium ATCC 13311 | IZ (mm) = 9 (MeOH), 12 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 110 (MeOH), 130 (EtOH) | ||
| E. cloacae ATCC 49452 | IZ (mm) = 7 (M), 0 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 160 (MeOH), 0 (EtOH) | ||
| E. faecalis ATCC 49452 | IZ (mm) = 12.5 (MeOH), 17 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 80 (M), 105 (EtOH) | ||
| S. aureus ATCC 25923 | IZ (mm) = 19 (MeOH), 15.5 (EtOH), MIC (μg/mL) = 40 (MeOH), 65 (EtOH) | ||
| EO, EtOH, & H2O | E. coli | IZ (mm) = 11.53 ± 0.43 (EO), 10.91 ± 0.05 (EtOH) | [72] |
| S. aureus | IZ (mm) = 11.52 ± 0.41 (EO) | ||
| P. aeruginosa | IZ (mm) = 0 (EO) | ||
| S. enterica | IZ (mm) = 12.51 ± 0.19 (EO) | ||
| EtOH–H2O & H2O | M. morganii | MIC (mg/mL) = 10 (H2O)–5 (EtOH–H2O) | [7] |
| P. aeruginosa | MIC (mg/mL) = 20 (H2O)–20 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| E. coli | MIC (mg/mL) = 5 (H2O)–5 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| E. coli extended producer of β–lactamases (ESBL) | MIC (mg/mL) = 5 (H2O)–5 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| K. pneumoniae | MIC (mg/mL) = 10 (H2O)–5 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| K. pneumoniae extended producer of β–lactamases (ESBL) | MIC (mg/mL) = 10 (H2O)–5 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| E. faecalis | MIC (mg/mL) = 10 (H2O)–10 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| L. monocytogenes | MIC (mg/mL) = 10 (H2O)–10 (EtOH–H2O) | ||
| S. aureus (MSSA) | MIC (mg/mL) = 5 (H2O)–2.5 (H2O & H2O) | ||
| S. aureus (MRSA) | MIC (mg/mL) = 5 (H2O)–2.5 (H2O & H2O) | ||
| EO | E. coli ATCC 25922 | IZ (mm) = 28 ± 1.5 | [151] |
| S. typhimurium ATCC 1402 | IZ (mm) = 20 ± 1.73 | ||
| S. aureus ATCC 25923 | IZ (mm) = 12 ± 1.33 | ||
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | IZ (mm) = 13 ± 1 | ||
| EO | E. coli | IZ (mm) = 10–13 | [118] |
| S. aureus | IZ (mm) = 8–36 | ||
| B. subtilis | IZ (mm) = 10–13 | ||
| K. pneumoniae | IZ (mm) = 0 | ||
| H2O & MeOH | S. typhimurium | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.25–0.5 (H2O), 0.12–0.25 (MeOH) | [19] |
| E. coli | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.12–0.5 (H2O), 0.12–0.25 (MeOH) | ||
| S. aureus | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.5–1 (H2O), 1 (MeOH) | ||
| S. epidermis | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.12–0.5 (H2O), 0.5–1 (MeOH) | ||
| EO | S. aureus (ATCC 6538) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.08 ± 0.03, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.15 ± 0.05 | [6] |
| S. typhimurium (ATCC 13311) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.09 ± 0.04, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.18 ± 0.07 | ||
| E. cloacae (human isolate) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.05 ± 0.04, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.11 ± 0.07 | ||
| E. coli (ATCC 35210) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.08 ± 0.03, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.11 ± 0.07 | ||
| P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.05 ± 0.00, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.11 ± 0.01 | ||
| L. monocytogenes (NCTC 7973) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.04 ± 0.00, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.09 ± 0.02 | ||
| M. flavus (ATCC 10240) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.03 ± 0.00, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.05 ± 0.00 | ||
| B. cereus (clinical isolate) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.04 ± 0.01, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.08 ± 0.02 | ||
| EO | E. coli ATCC 25922 | MIC (mg/mL) = 2.5 mg/mL | [136] |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.66 mg/mL | ||
| S. aureus ATCC 25923 | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.20 mg/mL | ||
| EO | K. pneumoniae | MIC (mg/mL) = 2.030–2.114, MBC (mg/mL) ≥ 4.227 | [67] |
| P. aeruginosa | MIC (mg/mL) ≥ 4.227, MBC (mg/mL) ≥ 4.227 | ||
| S. Typhi | MIC (mg/mL) = 2.114–3.004, MBC (mg/mL) = 4.059–3.044 | ||
| E. coli | MIC (mg/mL) = 3.004–3.044, MBC (mg/mL) ≥ 4.059 | ||
| B. cereus | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.264–1.015, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.528–1.015 | ||
| S. aureus | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.015–1.057, MBC (mg/mL) = 1.015–1.057 | ||
| S. aureus (MRSA) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.528–1.015, MBC (mg/mL) = 2.030–3.044 | ||
| E. faecalis | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.507–0.528, MBC (mg/mL) = 1.015–1.057 | ||
| EO | E. coli GM 109 | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.80–4.20 | [20] |
| P. aeruginosa | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.90–0.90 | ||
| S. enteritidis ATCC 502 | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.50–22.00 | ||
| S. aureus ATCC 25923 | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.70–4.50 | ||
| B. subtilis 166 | MIC (mg/mL) = 4.00–5.50 | ||
| L. monocytogenes | MIC (mg/mL) = 2.00–7.50 | ||
| EO | S. mutans (IBR S001) | MIC (μg/mL) = 40 ± 1.15, MBC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 2.25 | [73] |
| S. aureus (ATCC 25923) | MIC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 2.25, MBC (μg/mL) = 160 ± 4.50 | ||
| S. salivarius (IBR S006) | MIC (μg/mL) = 40 ± 3.00, MBC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 5.95 | ||
| S. sanguinis (IBR S002) | MIC (μg/mL) = 40 ± 0.00, MBC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 0.00 | ||
| S. pyogenes (IBR S004) | MIC (μg/mL) = 40 ± 0.00, MBC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 0.00 | ||
| E. feacalis (IBR E001) | MIC (μg/mL) = 20 ± 3.40, MBC (μg/mL) = 40 ± 6.75 | ||
| P. aeruginosa (IBR P001) | MIC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 2.25, MBC (μg/mL) = 160 ± 4.50 | ||
| L. acidophilus (IBR L001) | MIC (μg/mL) = 40 ± 0.00, MBC (μg/mL) = 80 ± 0.00 | ||
| EO | E. coli (ATCC 35210) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.002, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.004 | [48] |
| P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.003, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.05 | ||
| S. typhimurium (ATCC 13311) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.05, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.05 | ||
| P. mirabilis (human isolate) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.003, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.05 | ||
| L. monocytogenes (NCTC 7973) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.001, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.05 | ||
| B. cereus (clinical isolate) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.001, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.0025 | ||
| M. flavus (ATCC 10240) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.001, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.0025 | ||
| S. aureus (ATCC 6538) | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.002, MBC (mg/mL) = 0.003 | ||
| EO | E. coli O157:H7 VTEC (phage type 34) | Inactivation of 5 log10 cycles of E. coli O157:H7 at both pH and of L. monocytogenes EGD-e at pH 4. | [35] |
| L. monocytogenes EGD-e | |||
| EO | S. enteritidis (CECT 4155) | IZ (mm) = 15.6 ± 2.4 | [96] |
| E. coli O157:H7 (CECT 4267) | IZ (mm) = 17.8 ± 1.7 | ||
| P. aeruginosa (CECT 110) | IZ (mm) = 15.2 ± 1.0 | ||
| S. aureus (CECT 239) | IZ (mm) = 51.0 ± 3.4 | ||
| E. aecalis (CECT 410) | IZ (mm) = 14.7 ± 1.2 | ||
| L. monocytogenes 4b (CECT 935) | IZ (mm) = 26.7 ± 2.3 | ||
| L. monocytogenes (EGD-e) | IZ (mm) = 33.7 ± 0.4 | ||
| EO | E. coli ATCC 25922 | IZ (mm) = 14 ± 1 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 6 | [28] |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | IZ (mm) = 14.5 ± 0.5 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 6 | ||
| K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883 | IZ (mm) = 13.5 ± 0.5 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 6 | ||
| S. typhimurium NRRLB 4420 | IZ (mm) = 15 ± 0.5 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 6 | ||
| B. cereus ATCC 11778 | IZ (mm) = 30 ± 2 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 1 | ||
| E. faecalis ATCC 29212 | IZ (mm) = 18.5 ± 0.5 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 3 | ||
| EO | B. subtilis | MIC (v/v) = 1/250 | [57] |
| E. coli | MIC (v/v) = 1/500 | ||
| M. luteus | MIC (v/v) = 1/500 | ||
| S. aureus | MIC (v/v) = 1/500 | ||
| EO | S. aureus CFSA2 | IZ (mm) = 9.33 mm | [50] |
| L. monocytogenes EGD | IZ (mm) = 11.66 mm | ||
| B. cereus C1060 | IZ (mm) = 17.00 mm | ||
| Salmonella sp. | IZ (mm) = 8.33 mm | ||
| H. pylori strains J99 and 26695 | IZ (mm) = 13–30 mm | ||
| EO | B. subtilis ATCC 6633 | IZ (mm) = 42 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 0.5 | [52] |
| S. aureus CIP 7625 | IZ (mm) = 0 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 2 | ||
| E. coli CIP 54.8 | IZ (mm) = 0 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 5 | ||
| P. aeruginosa CIP A22 | IZ (mm) = 0 mm, MIC (μL/mL) = 2 | ||
| Leaves | |||
| H2O | S. aureus ATCC 25923 | Not active towards any of the microorganisms | [89] |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | |||
| E. coli ATCC 25922 | |||
| B. cereus ATCC 10876 | |||
| MeOH | S. aureus | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | [25] |
| S. faecalis | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | ||
| B. cereus | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | ||
| S. epidermis | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | ||
| P. aeruginosa | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | ||
| E. coli | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 mg/mL, MBC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | ||
| K. pneumonia | MIC (mg/mL) = 1.4 | ||
| EO | E. coli ATCC 25.922 | MIC (μL/mL) = 3.25–5 | [26] |
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | MIC (μL/mL) = 3.5–5 | ||
| S. aureus ATTCC 25.923 | MIC (μL/mL) = 1.25–2.5 | ||
| L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 | MIC (μL/mL) = 1.75–4.5 | ||
| B. cereus ATCC 11.778 | MIC (μL/mL) = 1–2.5 | ||
| EO | K. pneumoniae | IZ (mm) = 25 | [46] |
| E. coli | IZ (mm) = 46 | ||
| P. aeruginosa | IZ (mm) = 75 | ||
| M. luteus | IZ (mm) = 15 | ||
| S. aureus | IZ (mm) = 60 | ||
| S. epidermidis | IZ (mm) = 28 | ||
| B. bronchiseptica | IZ (mm) = 25 | ||
| E. faecalis | IZ (mm) = 49 | ||
| Leaves & flowers | |||
| EO | S. typhimurium | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.5 | [27] |
| E. coli | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.5 | ||
| S. aureus | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.5 | ||
| S. epidermis | MIC (mg/mL) = 0.5 | ||
| Aerial parts & leaves | |||
| EO | E. coli O157:H7 VTEC (phage type 34) | Inactivation of the initial cell populations by 4–5 log10 cycles in combination with high hydrostatic pressure | [101] |
| L. monocytogenes EGD-e | |||
IC50: half-maximal inhibitory concentration; IZ: inhibition zone; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MRSA: meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA: meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.