Table 2.
Multinomial logit model estimates examining the association of multimorbidity with socio-demographic variables
| Variables | One disease versus no disease | Multimorbidity versus no disease | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95%CI) | P value | AOR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Age category (Ref-30-44 years) | ||||
| 45–59 years | 1.49 [1.2–1.8] | < 0.001 | 2.41 [1.8–3.2] | < 0.001 |
| 60 years and above | 1.88 [1.5–2.4] | < 0.001 | 4.28 [3.1–6.0] | < 0.001 |
| Gender (Ref- Male) | 1.43 [1.1–1.9] | < 0.001 | 1.25 [0.8–1.9] | 0.3 |
| Marital status (Ref: Never married) | ||||
| Currently married | 3.10 [1.2–8.2] | < 0.001 | 1.68 [0.5–5.6] | 0.4 |
| Widow/widower | 2.26 [0.8–6.2] | 0.1 | 1.60 [0.5–5.6] | 0.4 |
| Separated / divorced | 1.00 [0.1–9.0] | 1.0 | 3.35 [0.4–25.2] | 0.2 |
| Education (Ref: high school) | ||||
| College graduation and above | 1.36 [0.9–2.1] | 0.2 | 0.81 [0.4–1.6] | 0.5 |
| Up to primary | 1.23 [1.0–1.5] | 0.1 | 1.26 [1.0–1.7] | 0.2 |
| Occupation (Ref: unskilled/semiskilled) | ||||
| Professional/medium and big business | 1.45 [1.0–2.2] | 0.1 | 1.41 [0.8–2.5] | 0.3 |
| Skilled labourer/small business | 1.11 [0.8–1.5] | 0.5 | 1.22 [0.8–1.9] | 0.4 |
| Homemaker | 1.44 [1.1–1.9] | < 0.001 | 3.29 [2.2–4.9] | < 0.001 |
| Wealth Index (Ref: Low) | ||||
| Medium | 1.24 [1.0–1.6] | 0.1 | 1.12 [0.8–1.5] | 0.5 |
| High | 1.41 [1.1–1.8] | < 0.001 | 1.43 [1.1–1.9] | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes | 1.22 [0.9–1.6] | 0.1 | 1.27 [0.9–1.8] | 0.1 |
| Ever alcohol use | ||||
| Yes | 0.88 [0.6–1.2] | 0.4 | 1.51 [1.0–2.2] | < 0.001 |
| Ever tobacco use | ||||
| Yes | 1.08 [0.8–1.5] | 0.6 | 1.29 [0.9–2.0] | 0.3 |
| BMIa | ||||
| Under-weight | 1.10 [0.7, 1.8] | 0.6 | 0.81 [0.4–1.5] | 0.6 |
| Overweight | 1.29 [0.9–1.8] | 0.1 | 0.99 [0.7–1.5] | 0.9 |
| Obese | 1.41 [1.1–1.8] | < 0.001 | 1.63 [1.2–2.2] | < 0.001 |
aUsed south Asian cut off for BMI i.e. BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2 for overweight and ≥ 25 kg/m2 for obesity [23]