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. 2022 May 16;7(6):780–795. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01121-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, Associations for ‘shared’ gut microbes, namely microbes that are associated with host genes in at least two diseases. Centre: Venn diagram showing overlap between gut microbes associated with host genes in CRC, IBD and IBS. Counter-clockwise, left to right: networks showing host gene–microbe associations for gut microbes shared across associations in CRC, IBD and IBS (Network 1), CRC and IBS (Network 2), IBD and IBS (Network 3), and CRC and IBD (Network 4). b, Associations for ‘shared’ host genes, that is, genes that are associated with microbes in at least two diseases. Centre: Venn diagram showing overlap between host genes associated with gut microbes in CRC, IBD and IBS. Counter-clockwise, left to right: networks showing host gene–microbe associations for host genes shared across associations in CRC, IBD and IBS (Network 1), CRC and IBS (Network 2), IBD and IBS (Network 3), and CRC and IBD (Network 4). Circular nodes represent host genes, triangular nodes represent gut microbes. Coloured nodes represent specific diseases (purple, CRC; green, IBD; yellow, IBS), grey nodes represent gut microbes (a) and host genes (b) shared between associations across diseases. Edge colour represents positive (blue) or negative (red) association, and edge width represents strength of association (Spearman rho). All associations were determined at FDR < 0.1.