a Time-line diagram of spinal cord injury, drug treatment and experimental analysis in rat. b Time-line diagram of BV2 cells treated with LPS, drug treatment and experimental analysis. c A table containing the group of each experiment and its sample size. SCI spinal cord injury, 3-MA 3-Methyladenine, Met metformin, BBB Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan, WB Western blotting, IF immunofluorescence staining, LFB luxol fast blue.